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Regulation of human THP-1 macrophage polarization by Trichinella spiralis

Parasitology Research volume 120, pages 569–578 (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

Trichinella spiralis is a foodborne zoonotic nematode, which causes trichinellosis. During the infection, parasite evades the host immune responses by direct and indirect (through excretory-secretory products) contact with host immune cells. One of the main targets for immunomodulation induced by helminths are macrophages. In this study, we examined whether direct contact of different stages of T. spiralis can affect the polarization of human THP-1 macrophages. Co-culture of adult parasite stage and cells in direct contact without LPS addition had a significant impact on TNFα levels. Interestingly, in settings with the addition of LPS, the levels of IL-1β and TNFα significantly increased in adult parasite and newborn larvae (NBL) but not for muscle larvae (ML). While we tested muscle larvae ESP products to compare its effect with whole ML parasite, we detect an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and TNFα in no LPS conditions. Whereas, muscle larvae ESP significantly suppressed the inflammatory response measured by IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 levels and anti-inflammatory IL-10 compared to LPS control. Our findings indicate the anti-inflammatory potential of T. spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory products and propose signaling pathways which might be engaged in the mechanism of how muscle larvae ESP affect human macrophages.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

Financial support for this study was provided by the National Science Center Poland (grant UMO-2015/18/E/NZ6/00502).

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Affiliations

  1. Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

    Anna Zawistowska-Deniziak, Justyna Bień-Kalinowska & Katarzyna Basałaj

Authors
  1. Anna Zawistowska-Deniziak
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  2. Justyna Bień-Kalinowska
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  3. Katarzyna Basałaj
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Contributions

AZ-D designed and performed the experiments, JB-K produced different stages of parasite, AZ-D and KB interpreted the data, AZ-D drafted the manuscript, and AZ-D, JB-K, and KB reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. The authors agreed to be accountable for the content of the work.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anna Zawistowska-Deniziak.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics approval

All experimental procedures used in the present study had been pre-approved by the 1st Local Ethical Committee for Scientific Experiments on Animals in Warsaw, Poland (resolution nr 020/2016, 23rd of March 2016).

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Section Editor: Abdul Jabbar

Supplementary information

Online resource 1
figure 4

Cytokine ELISA analysis. Cytokine levels in culture media of THP-1 macrophages stimulated with PBS (−), adult, muscle larvae (ML), newborn larvae (NBL), or muscle larvae excretory-secretory products (ESP). Cells (1 × 106/ml) were co-cultured for 24 h with whole parasite or 5 μg/ml ESP. Results are presented as a mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed in Prism-GraphPad program by t test. A value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant (***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05) (PNG 150 kb)

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Online resource 2

Human kinases phosphorylation sites (DOCX 13 kb)

Online resource 3

Phospho-kinase analysis. Changes in kinase phosphorylation levels in macrophages stimulated with muscle larvae (ML) and muscle larvae ESP was determined by Proteom Profiler Human Phospho-Kinase Array Kit. Stimulated cells were lysed with kit lysis buffer and frozen in − 80 °C until use. As a result, we present the adjusted mean volume (OD × mm2) fold change of ML or ESP versus control. The average intensity of the pixels in background volume was calculated and subtracted from each pixel in all standard and unknown (DOCX 208 kb)

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Zawistowska-Deniziak, A., Bień-Kalinowska, J. & Basałaj, K. Regulation of human THP-1 macrophage polarization by Trichinella spiralis. Parasitol Res 120, 569–578 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-07000-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-07000-y

Keywords

  • Human macrophages
  • Trichinella spiralis
  • Immunomodulation
  • Host-parasite interaction
  • Signaling pathway