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Granulomas in parasitic diseases: the good and the bad

  • Immunology and Host-Parasite Interactions - Review
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Abstract

Parasitic diseases affect more than one billion people worldwide, and most of them are chronic conditions in which the treatment and prevention are difficult. The appearance of granulomas, defined as organized and compact structures of macrophages and other immune cells, during various parasitic diseases is frequent, since these structures will only form when individual immune cells do not control the invading agent. Th2-typering various parasitic diseases are frequent, since these structures will only form when individual immune cells do not control the invading agent. The characterization of granulomas in different parasitic diseases, as well as recent findings in this field, is discussed in this review, in order to understand the significance of the granuloma and its modulation in the host–parasite interaction and in the immune, pathological, and parasitological aspects of this interaction. The parasitic granulomatous diseases granulomatous amebic encephalitis, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, neurocysticercosis, and schistosomiasis mansoni are discussed as well as the mechanistic and dynamical aspects of the infectious granulomas.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the unknown referee for constructive review of the paper, Noili Demaman for English language editing, and Ana Carolina Andrade Vitor Kayano for artwork.

Funding

This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil.

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  1. Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-865, Brazil

    Selma Giorgio, Pedro Henrique Gallo-Francisco, Guilherme Augusto Sanches Roque & Marina Flóro e Silva

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  1. Selma Giorgio
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  2. Pedro Henrique Gallo-Francisco
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  3. Guilherme Augusto Sanches Roque
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Giorgio, S., Gallo-Francisco, P.H., Roque, G.A.S. et al. Granulomas in parasitic diseases: the good and the bad. Parasitol Res 119, 3165–3180 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06841-x

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