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Integrative species delimitation and community structure of nematodes in three species of Australian flathead fishes (Scorpaeniformes: Platycephalidae)

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Abstract

This study aimed to determine the integrative characterisation of nematodes from three species of edible flathead fishes (Scorpaeniformes: Platycephalidae) in New South Wales, Australia, and describe nematode communities within three species of flatheads. Tiger (Platycephalus richardsoni (Castelnau); n = 20) and sand flatheads (Platycephalus bassensis (Cuvier); n = 20), sourced from the Nelson Bay area, and dusky flathead (Platycephalus fuscus (Cuvier); n = 20) from the Manning River, Taree, were examined for the presence of nematodes. The nematodes were initially classified morphologically as 12 different morphotypes belonging to the families Anisakidae (Anisakis types I, II, and III, Contracaecum type II, Terranova types I and II), Raphidascarididae (Hysterothylacium types IV, VI, VIII, and H. zhoushanense larva), and Gnathostomatidae (Echinocephalus sp. larva), Capillariidae (Capillaria sp.), followed by genetic identification through sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1, 5.8S, ITS-2) regions. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the evolutionary relationship between the identified larval specimens in the present study with available GenBank larval and adult nematodes. Sand flathead was 90% infected with nematodes followed by tiger flathead at 85% and dusky flathead at 15%. Nematodes infecting estuarine dusky and oceanic sand and tiger flatheads contrasted markedly. The analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed significant differences (p < 0.001) in the composition of taxa within nematode communities between the three species of flatheads (global R = 0.208) with the highest difference being between sand and dusky flatheads (R = 0.308, p < 0.001). The findings of the present study provide a foundation for future investigations of the community composition, life cycles, and distribution of nematode populations in edible fish in Australia and explore and clarify their significance to public health.

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Acknowledgments

Md. Shafaet Hossen is a recipient of the Australian Research Training Program (ARTP) Scholarship to conduct his PhD at Charles Sturt University, Australia. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Kevin Rowland from NSW Fisheries for assistance in collecting the fish samples.

Funding

This project was partially funded by the Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation.

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  1. School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia

    Md. Shafaet Hossen & Shokoofeh Shamsi

  2. Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh

    Md. Shafaet Hossen

  3. School of Environmental Sciences & Institute of Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, 2640, Australia

    Skye Wassens

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Highlights

• Twelve different nematode morphotypes identified from the three species of Australian flathead fishes

• Prevalence of infection in sand and tiger flatheads was demonstrably higher than in dusky flathead

• First record of Hysterothylacium zhoushanense larva in Australian waters

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Hossen, M.S., Wassens, S. & Shamsi, S. Integrative species delimitation and community structure of nematodes in three species of Australian flathead fishes (Scorpaeniformes: Platycephalidae). Parasitol Res 120, 461–480 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06802-4

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