Abstract
Being listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, knowledge on the biology, health and diseases of the scalloped hammerhead, Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith) is limited; this is especially true for its parasites. In this paper, a new species, Pulchrascaris australis, is morphologically described followed by genetic characterisation based on the sequence of the ITS region. The new species can be easily differentiated from its congeners based on the morphology of the mouthpart, spicules, plectanes, eggs and vulva. Phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguish specimens in the present study from other parasitic nematodes found in the Australasian waters and elsewhere. The sequencing data also suggest that Terranova larval type I found previously in various fish from New Caledonian and Australian (Queensland) waters also belong to Pulchrascaris australis n. sp.
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Acknowledgements
Thanks are due to the various commercial fishers for the collection of shark specimens. Additionally, the authors are indebted to Ms. Brooke D’Alberto and many student helpers at James Cook University for their assistance in the processing of the shark specimens. In addition, the authors thank Dr. Michelle Heupel (JCU & AIMS, Townsville) and Prof Liang Li (Hebei Normal University, China) for their answers to queries.
Funding
Diane Barton was supported by the Marine Biodiversity Hub through funding from the Australian Government’s National Environmental Science Program. This study was partially funded by Charles Sturt University (A516-828-66770 (granted to SS)).
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Shamsi, S., Barton, D.P. & Zhu, X. Description and genetic characterisation of Pulchrascaris australis n. sp. in the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini (Griffin & Smith) in Australian waters. Parasitol Res 119, 1729–1742 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06672-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06672-w