Abstract
Infection with blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma causes considerable human and animal morbidity, mortality and economic loss to the livestock industry. Current diagnostic tools have limitations. In this study, we compared the sedimentation and filtration methods for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in livestock. A total of 196 faecal samples from cattle in Côte d’Ivoire were subjected to sedimentation and filtration for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis and other intestinal parasite infections. Schistosoma eggs or miracidia were discovered in 32 samples: 15 by filtration only, seven by sedimentation only, six concurrently by both methods and four by observing miracidia swimming on the sedimentation slide. The sensitivity of sedimentation and filtration was 41% and 66%, respectively. Cases with no Schistosoma eggs identified in the sediment but miracidia swimming on the slide indicate that eggs had hatched before microscopy. More accurate diagnostic are required for livestock schistosomiasis, in order to better understand the epidemiology and inform control and elimination efforts in livestock and human populations.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Achi LY, Zinsstag J, Yèo N et al (2003) Les nématodes gastro-intestinaux des bovins de la région des savanes de la Côte-d’Ivoire: enquête d’abattoir. Rev Med Vet 154:105–112
Angora EK, Allienne J-F, Rey O et al (2020) High prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium ×Schistosoma bovis hybrids in schoolchildren in Côte d’Ivoire. Parasitology 147:287–294. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182019001549
De Bont J, Vercruysse J (1997) The epidemiology and control of cattle schistosomiasis. Parasitol Today 13:255–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4758(97)01057-0
De Bont J, Vercruysse J (1998) Schistosomiasis in cattle. Adv Parasitol 41:285–364
GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators (2018) Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 392:1859–1922. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32335-3
Gower C, Gouvras AN, Lamberton PHL et al (2013) Population genetic structure of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium from across six sub-Saharan African countries: implications for epidemiology, evolution and control. Acta Trop 128:261–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.09.014
Hotez PJ, Alvarado M, Basáñez M-G et al (2014) The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010: interpretation and implications for the neglected tropical diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8:e2865. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002865
Jones MK, Bong SH, Green KM et al (2008) Correlative and dynamic imaging of the hatching biology of Schistosoma japonicum from eggs prepared by high pressure freezing. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2:e334. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000334
Leger E, Webster JP (2017) Hybridizations within the genus Schistosoma: implications for evolution, epidemiology and control. Parasitology 144:65–80. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182016001190
McManus DP, Dunne DW, Sacko M et al (2018) Schistosomiasis. Nat Rev Dis Primer 4:13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-018-0013-8
MSD (2016) Schistosomiasis - circulatory system. In: MSD Vet. Man. https://www.msdvetmanual.com/circulatory-system/blood-parasites/schistosomiasis. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Schmidt GD, Roberts LS (2013) Foundations of parasitology, 9th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York
Sirois M (2017) Principles and practice of veterinary technology, 4th edn. Elsevier, St. Louis
Standley CJ, Mugisha L, Dobson AP et al (2012) Zoonotic schistosomiasis in non-human primates: past, present and future activities at the human–wildlife interface in Africa. J Helminthol 86:131–140. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X12000028
Sturrock RF (1993) The parasite and their life cycles. In: Human Schistosomiasis. CAB International Publications, Wallingford, UK
Tian-Bi Y-NT, Ouattara M, Knopp S et al (2018) Interrupting seasonal transmission of Schistosoma haematobium and control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in northern and central Côte d’Ivoire: a SCORE study protocol. BMC Public Health 18:186. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5044-2
Tian-Bi Y-NT, Webster B, Konan CK et al (2019) Molecular characterization and distribution of Schistosoma cercariae collected from naturally infected bulinid snails in northern and central Côte d’Ivoire. Parasit Vectors 12:117–110. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3381-3
Visser PS, Pitchford RJ (1972) A simple apparatus for rapid recovery of helminth eggs from excreta with special reference to Schistosoma mansoni. S Afr Med J 46:1344–1346
Weerakoon KGAD, Gobert GN, Cai P et al (2015) Advances in the diagnosis of human schistosomiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 28:939–967. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00137-14
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Prisca R. Akoto and Zegauh K. J-M. Konan from the Laboratoire National d’Appui au Développement Agricole (LANADA), Jean-Baptiste Sekre, Séraphin Kouadio and Yves L. Kouakou from the Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny and the entire fieldwork team.
Funding
This work was financially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF; Bern, Switzerland; grant 31003A_1710113). Jules N. Kouadio is a recipient of a Swiss Government Excellence Scholarship (ESKAS, reference no. 2018.0564).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
All applicable international, national and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Section Editor: Ramaswamy Kalyanasundaram
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Giovanoli Evack, J., Kouadio, J.N., Achi, L. et al. Accuracy of the sedimentation and filtration methods for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in cattle. Parasitol Res 119, 1707–1712 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06660-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06660-0