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An integrative taxonomic assessment of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) huacraensis (Nematoda: Camallanidae), infecting the freshwater catfish Trichomycterus spegazzinii (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) in Argentina

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Abstract

Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) huacraensis infecting the catfish Trichomycterus spegazzinii from Escoipe River, Salta province (Argentina), is redescribed and genetically characterised for the first time, based on three genetic markers (nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [cox1] mtDNA). The phylogeny of Camallanidae was also discussed. Morphological evaluation of P. (S.) huacraensis using light and scanning electron microscopy revealed the previously undescribed features: location of deirids, accurate morphology of larvae (L1) and ovijector in females, as well as phasmids in males. Differences were found comparing the newly collected material and the type specimens, probably because the original description lacked detailing. Unfortunately, type specimens of P. (S.) huacraensis were no available for loan. The results of morphological and genetic analyses supported the validity of P. (S.) huacraensis. Inconsistencies regarding the taxonomic identification of species of Camallanidae in GenBank database were noted. Based on the current genetic database of Camallanidae, phylogenetic reconstructions using the 18S rRNA sequences were most consistent, due to the inclusion of higher number of taxa. Procamallanus (S.) huacraensis appeared as sister group of P. (S.) rarus, also isolated from a catfish in a neighbouring region. The order and habitat of hosts were also similar within some well-supported parasite lineages, but without common geographic origin. However, it is still premature to make definitive affirmations regarding the role of such features in the phylogenetic patterns of Camallanidae, given the scarcity of genetic data. The phylogenetic reconstructions also confirmed the artificiality of the morphology-based systematics of the family.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Elias Nogueira de Aguiar from the Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises de Materiais do Instituto de Física (MULTILAM-INFI), from the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), for the help with scanning electron microscopical procedures, and Dr. Carina Elisei from the Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, for providing the facilities for molecular studies. Thanks are also due to the Secretaría de Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de la Provincia de Salta for allowing us to make the collection of ichthyology, and Florencia Liquín, José Saravia, Roberto Sanchez, Federico Soria and Facundo Leguizamon for their assistance in the field work.

Funding

This work was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil (CAPES)-Finance code 001 and by the Consejo de Investigación de la Universidad Nacional de Salta (CIUNSa) (grant number 2193/3). F. B. P. was supported by a Post-doctoral fellowship PNPD-CAPES (Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado-Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-CAPES, Brazil). L. A. C. was supported by a Doctoral fellowship from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET, Argentina); L. E. R. T. was supported by a researcher’s fellowship from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil) (313292/2018-3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400), Salta, Argentina

    Lorena G. Ailán-Choke & Dora A. Davies

  2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva s/n°,, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil

    Luiz E.R. Tavares & Felipe B. Pereira

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  1. Lorena G. Ailán-Choke
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  2. Dora A. Davies
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  3. Luiz E.R. Tavares
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  4. Felipe B. Pereira
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Correspondence to Felipe B. Pereira.

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Ailán-Choke, L.G., Davies, D.A., Tavares, L.E. et al. An integrative taxonomic assessment of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) huacraensis (Nematoda: Camallanidae), infecting the freshwater catfish Trichomycterus spegazzinii (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) in Argentina. Parasitol Res 118, 2819–2829 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-019-06429-0

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