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The impact of insecticide-treated material to reduce flies among pork outlets in Kampala, Uganda

Parasitology Research volume 116, pages 1617–1626 (2017)Cite this article

Abstract

Synanthropic flies have adapted to the mass of decaying organic matter near human settlements. As such, they feed and breed on food, faeces and other organic material and are known vectors for various diseases. Many of these diseases are associated with food, and foodborne diseases are of growing concern in developing countries where human population and food consumption increase. This pilot study aims at investigating the impact of a novel application of insecticide-treated material (ZeroFly®) to reduce flies among pork outlets in Kampala, Uganda. A cross-sectional survey randomly selected 60 of 179 pork outlets in Kampala. A controlled longitudinal trial followed in which 23 out of the 60 pork outlets were recruited for an intervention with insecticide-treated material. The pork outlets were randomly allocated to a group of 18 netted pork outlets (intervention) and five non-netted pork outlets (control). Monitoring took place over 15 weeks including 2 weeks as the baseline survey. The units were monitored for fly abundance using non-attractant sticky traps, which were placed within the pork outlet once per week for 48 consecutive hours. Medians of fly numbers before and after the intervention indicated a decrease of fly numbers of 48% (p = 0.002). Fly bioassays showed that the insecticidal activity of the netting remained active over the entire intervention period and led to a total paralysis of flies within at least 6 h after exposure. Insecticide-treated material provides a practical and sustainable solution in controlling flies and is therefore recommended as a complementary strategy for an integrated vector control and hygiene management.

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Notes

  1. From Ancient Greek Anthropos (ἄνθρωπος) for “human”; prefixed with syn (σύν) for “in company with”.

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Acknowledgements

The research was carried out with the financial support of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany, as well as a scholarship from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health, led by the International Food Policy Research Institute through the Safe Food, Fair Food project at ILRI.

The authors thank Mr. Dickson Ndoboli and Mr. Jasper Aluri for their excellent help in facilitating communication with study participants in the field.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya

    Martin Heilmann, Kristina Roesel & Delia Grace

  2. Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany

    Martin Heilmann, Kristina Roesel, Burkhard Bauer & Peter-Henning Clausen

Authors
  1. Martin Heilmann
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  2. Kristina Roesel
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  3. Delia Grace
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  4. Burkhard Bauer
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  5. Peter-Henning Clausen
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Correspondence to Martin Heilmann.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The research involved collecting information from humans and their work places. It was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences of Makerere University (Ref.: VAB/REC/14/111) and the ILRI Institutional Research Ethics Committee (Ref.: ILRI-IREC2014–07). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study, and feedback of key results and practical advice on food safety and hygiene were delivered to the butchers after the study was completed.

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Heilmann, M., Roesel, K., Grace, D. et al. The impact of insecticide-treated material to reduce flies among pork outlets in Kampala, Uganda. Parasitol Res 116, 1617–1626 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-017-5450-x

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Keywords

  • Synanthropic flies
  • Foodborne diseases
  • Pork outlets
  • Vector control
  • Insecticide-treated material
  • Diptera
  • Food safety
  • Public health
  • Uganda

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