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Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus isolates from Bulgarian human cystic echinococcosis patients

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Abstract

Although cystic echinococcosis (CE) is highly endemic in Bulgaria, there is still scarce information about species and/or genotypes of the Echinococcus granulosus complex that infect humans. Our study tackled the genetic diversity of E. granulosus complex in a cohort of 30 Bulgarian CE patients. Ten animal E. granulosus isolates from neighboring Greece were additionally included. Specimens were comparatively analyzed for partial sequences of five mitochondrial (mt) (cox I, nad I, rrnS, rrnL, and atp6) and three nuclear (nc) genes (act II, hbx 2, and ef-1α) using a PCR-sequencing approach. All 30 Bulgarian isolates were identified as E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) and were showing identical sequences for each of the three examined partial nc gene markers. Based upon concatenated sequences from partial mtDNA markers, we detected 10 haplotypes: 6 haplotypes (H1-H6) clustering with E. granulosus s.s. (G1) and 4 haplotypes (H9-H13) grouping with E. granulosus s.s. (G3), with H1 and H10 being the most frequent in Bulgarian patients. The haplotypes H1, H4, and H11 were also present in Greek hydatid cyst samples of animal origin. In conclusion, E. granulosus s.s. (G1 and G3 genotypes) is the only causative agent found so far to cause human CE in Bulgaria. However, further studies including larger sample sizes and other additional geographic regions in Bulgaria will have to be performed to confirm our results.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number 31003A_141039/1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland

    Irina Marinova, Markus Spiliotis, Junhua Wang, Bruno Gottstein & Ghalia Boubaker

  2. Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Irina Marinova, Marin Muhtarov & Iskra Rainova

  3. Multi-Profile Hospital for Active Treatment “Kardzhali”, Gastroenterology Ward, Kardzhali, Bulgaria

    Marin Muhtarov

  4. Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, Veterinary Research Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Ilias Chaligiannis & Smaro Sotiraki

  5. Department of Clinical Biology B, Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LR12ES08), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia

    Ghalia Boubaker

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  1. Irina Marinova
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Correspondence to Bruno Gottstein.

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Marinova, I., Spiliotis, M., Wang, J. et al. Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus isolates from Bulgarian human cystic echinococcosis patients. Parasitol Res 116, 1043–1054 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-017-5386-1

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