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First detection of an ignored parasite, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, in different animal hosts in Egypt

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Abstract

Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an obligate intracellular microsporidian parasite that infects a wide range of mammalian hosts. The present study investigated the prevalence of E. cuniculi in different animal hosts from different provinces of Egypt (Alexandria, Behera, and Assuit) using serological (IFAT and ELISA) and molecular (PCR) assays. A total of 324 serum and 274 urine samples were collected from seven different species of animals (cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goat, rabbit, dog, and rat). The results of serological examination confirmed the occurrence of antibodies against E. cuniculi in 38.9 % (126 out of 324) of the examined animals. The significant (P < 0.01) highest positivity was observed in goats (67 %) followed by buffaloes, rabbits, dogs, rat, and cattle (46.42, 41, 40, 36.2, and 28.1 %, respectively), while the least was recorded in sheep (9 %). Behera province showed the highest (P < 0.01) infection rate (40.68 %) followed by Alexandria and Assuit (39.2 and 22.73 %, respectively). The infection rate was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in females (45.34 %) than that in males (30.47 %). Positive cases were observed in all age categories. The highest infection rate (64.66 %) was recorded in the age group 1–5 years and the least was recorded in the age group <1 year (34.85 %).On the other hand, only five positive out of 274 urine samples (1.82 %) were detected by PCR. Our study provides a wide database on prevalence and epidemiology of an ignored parasite (E. cuniculi) for the first time in Egypt.

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Acknowledgments

The study was funded by the Alexandria University Research Fund (AURF), Grants, Innovation and Technology Transfer Center (GITTC), Research Enhancement Program (ALEX REP), 2011–2012 (project code, AGRV-11). The authors are indebted to Dr. Rafiq Soliman, professor of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University for his effort and valuable help.

Ethical standards

All investigations comply with the current laws of the countries in which they were performed.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

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  1. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt

    Somaia S. Abu-Akkada, Karam I. Ashmawy & Amira W. Dweir

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  1. Somaia S. Abu-Akkada
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  2. Karam I. Ashmawy
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  3. Amira W. Dweir
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Correspondence to Somaia S. Abu-Akkada.

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Abu-Akkada, S.S., Ashmawy, K.I. & Dweir, A.W. First detection of an ignored parasite, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, in different animal hosts in Egypt. Parasitol Res 114, 843–850 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4247-4

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