Abietane diterpenoids from Salvia sclarea transformed roots as growth inhibitors of pathogenic Acanthamoeba spp.

Abstract

Amoebae from the genus Acanthamoeba are known agents leading to various diseases such as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), a chronic progressive disease of the central nervous system, amoebic keratitis (AK), chronic eye infection, amoebic pneumitis (AP), chronic lung infection, and skin infections. It is known that various synthetic anti-Acanthamoeba substances are ineffective. Therefore, other substances, e.g., natural plant compounds, are the focus of biological investigations regarding anti-parasite activity. In this work, the ability of four abietane diterpenoids (ferruginol, salvipisone, aethiopinone, and 1-oxo-aethiopinone) to inhibit Acanthamoeba growth is reported. All investigated compounds were active against Acanthamoeba growing in vitro. Among them, ferruginol demonstrated the highest activity against Acanthamoeba. This compound inhibited Acanthamoeba growth by about 72 % in a 3-day exposure period (IC₅₀ 17.45 μM), while aethiopinone and 1-oxo-aethiopinone demonstrated this activity at the level of 55–56 %. Salvipisone reduced the growth of Acanthamoeba in vitro culture by 39 %. For this compound, the value of IC₅₀ was 701.94 μM after 72 h of exposure.