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Adulticidal and smoke toxicity of Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) plant extracts against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus

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Abstract

Mosquito vectors are responsible for the transmission of parasitic and viral infections, including loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in developing countries with tropical and subtropical climates. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the adulticidal and smoke toxicity of Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) against three important mosquitoes vectors, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Adult mortality was observed after 24-h recovery period. The plant crude extracts showed dose-dependent mortality. At higher concentrations, the adult showed restless movement for some times with abnormal wagging and then died. Among the extracts tested, the highest adulticidal activity was observed in acetone extract against An. stephensi followed by Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus with the LD50 and LD90 values 16.021 (14.080–18.345), 29.095 (25.118–34.089); 23.581 (22.100–28.315), 38.636 (35.321–41.021); and 13.560 (9.479–17.391), 248.35 (203.47–344.43) mg/ml, respectively. No mortality was recorded in the control. Smoke toxicity was observed at 10-min interval for 40 min and the mortality data were recorded. Among the C. baccifera plant powder tested. Smoke toxicity results show that Cx. quinquefasciatus, An. stephensi, and Ae. aegypti shows 88.6 ± 1.8, 78.2 ± 0.5, and 77 ± 1, respectively. One hundred percent mortality was recorded in the commercial mosquito control. The present study shows that C. baccifera leaf powder can be used as an efficient toxicity against mosquitoes. These results suggest that the leaf extracts of C. baccifera have a potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of mosquitoes.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Indian Council of Medical Research-Vector Borne Disease Science Forum Major Research Project (F.No. 5/8-7 (335) V-2011-ECD-II) for providing financial support, and we would like to thank Mr. N. Muthukrishnan, Technician, National Center for Diseases Control (NCDC), Mettupalayam, Tamil Nadu, for helping in mosquito sample collection and identifying mosquito species for the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Entomology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India

    Govindaraju Ramkumar, Sengodan Karthi, Ranganathan Muthusamy & Muthugounder S. Shivakumar

  2. Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India

    Devarajan Natarajan

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  1. Govindaraju Ramkumar
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  2. Sengodan Karthi
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Correspondence to Muthugounder S. Shivakumar.

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Ramkumar, G., Karthi, S., Muthusamy, R. et al. Adulticidal and smoke toxicity of Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) plant extracts against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus . Parasitol Res 114, 167–173 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4173-5

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