Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Antiparasitic effect of wild rue (Peganum harmala L.) against experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chicks

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Parasitology Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Organic farming of poultry has increased in recent years as the prophylactic use of antibiotics has come into disfavor. This study was conducted to explore the antiparasitic effect of a methanolic extract of Peganum harmala in broilers challenged with coccidiosis. For this purpose, 200 1-week-old broiler chicks were divided into five treatments: negative control (basal diet, Ph-0/NC), positive control (basal diet with coccidiosis challenge, Ph-0/C), and three groups challenged with coccidiosis and supplemented with P. harmala at the rate of 200 mg L−1 (Ph-200), 250 mg L−1 (Ph-250), and 300 mg L−1 (Ph-300) drinking water. Each group had three replicates of ten chicks each. Challenge with standard dose of the larvae of coccidiosis and supplementation of P. harmala were initiated on day 14 until 35 days of age. As expected, the results revealed that weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were depressed significantly in Ph-0 group with significant mortality percentage. Weight gain, total body weight, and FCR increased linearly with increasing dose of P. harmala with the exception of feed intake. The growth and feed efficiency of Ph-0/NC was better in Ph-0/NC compared to that in Ph-0/C and comparable to that in P. harmala-treated birds. Similarly, mean ooccytes per gram (OPG) decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in supplemented groups compared to that in Ph-0/C. Histological evidences showed that cecal lesion and leucocyte infiltration decreased markedly in supplemented groups of P. harmala specifically the Ph-300 group compared to those in Ph-0/C. From the present experiment, we concluded the anticoccidial effect of P. harmala in broiler chicks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+
from $39.99 /Month
  • Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
  • Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
  • Cancel anytime
View plans

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.

References

  • Adams C, Vahl AA, Veldman A (1996) Interaction between nutrition and E. acervulina infection in broilers chickens: diet compositions that improve fat digestion during E. acervulina infection. Br J Nutr 75:875–880

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amer MM, Awaad MHH, El-Khateeb RM, Nadia MTN, Abu-Elezz SA, Ghetas MM, Kutkat MA (2010) Isolation and identification of Eimeria from field coccidiosis in chickens. J Am Sci 6:1107–1114

    Google Scholar 

  • Arshad N, Zitterl-Eglseer K, Hasnain S, Hess M (2008) Effect of Peganum harmala or its beta-carboline alkaloids on certain antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria and protozoa from poultry. Phytother Res 22:1533–1538

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barwick MW, Stevenson GT, Johnston RV, Carsorso DR, Hymas TA (1970) Coccidiosis: evaluation of techniques for battery testing or field-collected Eimeria oocyst. Exp 28:37–41

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Derakhshanfar A, Mirzaei M (2008) Effect of Peganum harmala (wild rue) extract on experimental ovine malignant theileriosis: pathological and parasitological findings. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 75:67–72

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dkhil MA (2013) Anti-coccidial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract. Parasitol Res 112:2639–2646

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dkhil MA, Al-Quraishy S, Abdel Moneim AE, Delic D (2013) Protective effect of Azadirachta indica extract against Eimeria papillata-induced coccidiosis. Parasitol Res 112:101–106

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elmusharaf MA, Mohamed HE, Alhaidary A, Beynen AC (2010) Efficacy and characteristics of different methods of coccidiosis infection in broiler chickens. Am J Anim Vet Sci 5:45–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gard DI, Tonkinson LV (1970) Coccidiosis: experimental design considerations for evaluating anticoccidial agents in floor-pen and field trials. Exp Parasitol 28:72–80

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Graat EAM, Henken AM, Ploeger HW, Noordhuizen JPTM, Vertonnen MH (1994) Rate and course of sporulation of oocysts of Eimeria acervulina under different environmental conditions. J Parasitol 10:497–502

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson JN (1970) Coccidiosis oocyst counting technique for coccidiostat evaluation. Exp Parasitol 28:99–102

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson J, Reid WM (1970) Anticoccidial drugs: lesion scoring techniques in battery and floor-pen experiments with chickens. Exp Parasitol 28:30–36

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khalafalla RE, Daugschies A (2010) In vivo evaluation of anticoccidial effect of antibody fragments expressed in pea (Pasum sativum) on Eimeria tenella sporozoites. Parasitol Res 107:983–986

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khalafalla RE, Muller U, Shahiduzzaman MD, Dyachenko V, Desouky AY, Alber G, Daugschies A (2011) Effect of curcumin (diferuloylmethane) on Eimeria tenella sporozoites in vitro. Parasitol Res 108:879–886

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurkure NV, Kolte SW, Bhandarkar AG, Kalorey DR (2006) Evaluation of herbal coccidiostat “coxynil” in broilers. Ind J Exp Biol 44:740–744

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lala S, Swapan P, Sibabrata M, Santu B, Mukul KB (2004) Harmine: evaluation of its antileishmanial properties in various vesicular delivery systems. J Drug Target 12:165–175

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lin Y, Zeguang F (1993) Pathomorphological studies of the chicken experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella. Acta Vet Zootech Sin Poult Abstr 21:3130

    Google Scholar 

  • Long PL, Joyner LP, Millard BJ, Norton CC (1976) A guide to laboratory techniques used in the study and diagnosis of avian coccidiosis. Folia Vet Lat 6:201–217

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luna L (1968) Manual of histologic staining methods of the armed forces institute of pathology. 3rd Ed. 200. McGraw-Hill Book Co. 140-141

  • Mahmood A, Mumtaz A, Khan M, Khan N, Qudoos A, Alam M (2001) Application of lesion scoring technique for the assessment of pathology and treatment of coccidiosis in broiler chicks. Int J Agric Biol 3:464–468

    Google Scholar 

  • Maikai VA, Makeri HK, Adeiza AA, Maikai BVO (2007) Prelimenary studies of anticoccidial effect of mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) and African locust bean tree (Parkia biglobosa) aqueous bark extracts on chicken infected with coccidia. Sav J Agric 2:43–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Majaro OM (1983) Poultry coccidiosis: evaluation of management systems on the incidence of coccidian infection in Nigeria. Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop 36:343–346

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manaf M, Bagheri H (2011) Coccidiosis in combination with Aspergillus ochraceus (NRRL 3174) in commercial broiler chicks. Res Opin Anim Vet Sci 1(3):833–835

    Google Scholar 

  • Metwaly MS, Dkhil MA, Al-Quraishy S (2012) The potential role of Phoenix dactylifera on Eimeria papillata-induced infection in mice. Parasitol Res 111:681–687

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Misra P, Khaliq T, Dixit A, SenGupta S, Samant M, Kumari S, Kumar A, Kushawaha PK, Majumder HK, Saxena AK, Narender T, Dube A (2008) Antileishmanial activity mediated by apoptosis and structure-based target study of peganine hydrochloride dihydrate: an approach for rational drug design. J Antimicrob Chemother 62:998–1002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naida V, McGraw LJ, Bisschop SPR, Duncan N, Eloff JN (2008) The value of plant extracts with antioxidant activity in attenuating coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Vet Parasitol 153:214–219

  • Oh HG, Youn HJ, Nob JW, Jang DH, Kang YB (1995a) Anticoccidial effects of Artemisia annua on the Eimeria tenella. Korean J Vet Res 35:115–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Oh HG, Youn HJ, Nob JW, Jang DH, Kang YB (1995b) Anticoccidial effects of artemisinin on the Eimeria tenella. Korean J Vet Res 35:123–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Pansare PA, Lonkar PS (2009) A herbal coccidiostat on pathology of coccidiosis in broilers. Dept. of Pathology, Bombay Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai, India (Courtesy of Growell India). Online, www.engormix.com

  • Raether W, Hofman J, Uphoff M (1995) In vitro cultivation of avian Eimeria species. Eimeria tenella. In: Eckert J, Braun R, Shirley MV, Coudert P (eds) Biotechnology.Guidelines on techniques in coccidiosis research. European Commission, Brussels, pp 79–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Ried MW (1990) Histroy of avian medicine in United State of America. Control of coccidiosis. Avian Dis 34:509–525

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar AK (2006) Pathological study of coccidiosis in chick bird. Res J Anim Vet Sci 1:55–56

    Google Scholar 

  • SAS (1998) User’s Guide, Statistics. SAS Institute, Cary

    Google Scholar 

  • Solusby EJL (1982) Helminths, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals, 7th edn. ELBS, Bailliere Tindall, London, pp 630–644

    Google Scholar 

  • Soomro NM, Rind R, Arijo AG, Soomro SA (2001) Clinical, gross and histopathological studies of coccidial infection in chicken. Int J Agric Biol 3:426–427

    Google Scholar 

  • Steel RGD, Torrie JH (1981) Principles and procedures of statistics: a biometrical approach, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  • Thienpont HM, Ploeger HW, Terlou M, Kooyman FNJ, Vander MPJ, Eysker M (1979) Infectious diseases and immunology. Fac Vet Med Utrecth Uni Yalelaan Neth 5:230–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Youn HJ, Noh JW (2001) Screening of the anticoccidial effects of herb extracts against Eimeria tenella. J Vet Parasitol 96:257–263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang D, Sun B, Yue Y, Zhou Q, Du A (2012) Anticoccidial activity of traditional Chinese herbal Dichroa febrifuga Lour. extract against Eimeria tenella infection in chickens. Parasitol Res 111:2229–2233

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    N. chand, U. Saddique & R. U. Khan

  2. Gomal College of Veterinary Sciences, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan

    A. Jabbar Tanweer

  3. Poultry Nutrition and Distance Learning, Texas University, Texas, USA

    C. A. Bailey

Authors
  1. A. Jabbar Tanweer
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  2. N. chand
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  3. U. Saddique
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  4. C. A. Bailey
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  5. R. U. Khan
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. U. Khan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tanweer, A.J., chand, N., Saddique, U. et al. Antiparasitic effect of wild rue (Peganum harmala L.) against experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chicks. Parasitol Res 113, 2951–2960 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-3957-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-3957-y

Keywords