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Biochemical characterization and role of the proteasome in the oxidative stress response of adult Schistosoma mansoni worms

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Abstract

The trematode Schistosoma mansoni, an important parasite of humans, is the principle agent of the disease schistosomiasis. In the human host, one of the most important stress factors of this parasite is the oxidative stress generated by both the metabolism of the worm and the immune system of the host. The proteasomal system is responsible for protein homeostasis during oxidative stress. The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic protease formed by two compartments, a 20S core and regulatory particle 19S, and controls the degradation of intracellular proteins, hence regulating many cellular processes. In the present report, we describe the biochemical characterization and role of the 20S proteasome in the response of adult S. mansoni worms exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Characterization of the response to the oxidative stress included the evaluation of viability, egg production, mortality, tegument integrity, and both expression and activity of proteasome. We observed decreases in viability, egg production as well as 100 % mortality at the higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide tested. The main changes observed in the tegument of adult worms were peeling as well as the appearance of bubbles and a decrease of spines on the tubercles. Furthermore, there were increases in 26S activity to the same extent as 20S proteasome activity, although there was increase of 20S proteasome content, suggesting that degradation of protein oxidized in adult worms is due to the 20S proteasome. It was demonstrated that adult S. mansoni worms are sensitive to oxidative stress, and that a variety of processes in this parasite are altered under this condition. The work contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms employed by S. mansoni to survive under oxidative stress.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to CAPES for fellowships and FAPESP for financial support (Processes FAPESP: 2011/50135-4). We thank Olinda Mara Brigato and Elenice Aparecida de Macedo for technical assistance and Maria D. Seabra Ferreira and José Augusto Maulim (Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto) for the microscopy analysis.

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  1. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

    Renato Graciano de Paula, Alice Maria de Magalhães Ornelas & Vanderlei Rodrigues

  2. Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Campus Avançado Patos de Minas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 230, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Enyara Rezende Morais

  3. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    William de Castro Borges

  4. Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy

    Massimo Natale

  5. Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Centro de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Avenida Doutor Armando S. Oliveira, 201, Parque Universitário, Franca, 14404-600, São Paulo, Brazil

    Lizandra Guidi Magalhães

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  1. Renato Graciano de Paula
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  2. Alice Maria de Magalhães Ornelas
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Correspondence to Renato Graciano de Paula.

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Figure S1

Expression of SmF10 (Smp_131110.1) on Schistosoma mansoni. Expression analysis in the stage of adult worm submitted to oxidative stress with 300 μM of H2O2 at 120 hours. Expression levels were calibrated according to the comparative 2 − Δ∆Ct method, using the constitutively expressed SmGAPDH as an endogenous control (ANOVA followed by Tukey’s pairwise comparison P < 0.0001). These results are based on three replicates of three independent experiments, being expressed as mean ± standard deviation. *Differ to control (P < 0.0001). (GIF 16 kb)

High resolution image (TIFF 346 kb)

Figure S2

Expression of SmRPN10 on Schistosoma mansoni during oxidative stress. Expression analysis in the stage of adult worm submitted to oxidative stress with 200 μM of H2O2 at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 4 hours and 24 hours. Expression levels were calibrated according to the comparative 2 − Δ∆Ct method, using the constitutively expressed SmGAPDH as an endogenous control (ANOVA followed by Tukey’s pairwise comparison P < 0.0001). These results are based on three replicates of three independent experiments, being expressed as mean ± standard deviation. *Differ to control (P < 0.0001). (GIF 31 kb)

High resolution image (TIFF 148 kb)

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de Paula, R.G., de Magalhães Ornelas, A.M., Morais, E.R. et al. Biochemical characterization and role of the proteasome in the oxidative stress response of adult Schistosoma mansoni worms. Parasitol Res 113, 2887–2897 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-3950-5

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