The article “Molecular diagnosis of leishmaniasis at the subgenus and species level” published online 5 November 2013 in Parasitology Research, DOI 10.1007/s00436-013-3663-1, has been retracted by the publisher and the journal Editors Heinz Mehlhorn and Bill Chobotar. The retraction has been agreed to due to the fact that although all the data reported in the figures of the main manuscript and in the supporting information are correct, incorrect clinical diagnoses could be made from the way the data are interpreted currently in the paper. Cross testing a newly designed assay against positive clinical samples alone is insufficient evidence of its specificity. This conclusion can be traced back to a misinterpretation of experimental data in the main manuscript, forwhich the authors accept full responsibility.The online version of this article contains the full text of the retracted article as electronic supplementary material.