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Using mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA sequences to test the taxonomic validity of Clinostomum complanatum Rudolphi, 1814 in fish-eating birds and freshwater fishes in Mexico, with the description of a new species

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Abstract

The taxonomic history and species composition of the genus Clinostomum has been unstable. Two species, Clinostomum complanatum Rudolphi, 1814 and Clinostomum marginatum Rudolphi, 1819, have been particularly problematic and its validity has been disputed for nearly 200 years. In this paper, we have made use of an integrative taxonomy approach, and we used, in first instance, DNA sequences of two genes (cox1 and ITS) to test the validity of C. complanatum, a species apparently widely distributed in Mexico and to link the metacercariae and adult forms of the recognized species of Clinostomum. Combining molecular data with morphology, host association, and geographical distribution, we searched for the potential existence of undescribed species. A new species of Clinostomum is described based on adults found in the mouthy cavity of three species of fish-eating birds as well as in metacercariae found in freshwater and estuarine fishes. A few morphological characteristics distinguish the new species from other congeners even though reciprocal monophyly in a phylogenetic tree based on maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analysis, genetic divergence, and a multivariate analysis of variance and a principal component analysis of 18 morphometric traits for adults and metacercariae demonstrates the validity of the new species. Based on our results, it seems that C. complanatum is not currently distributed in Mexico, although this requires further verification with a more thoroughful sampling in other areas of the country, but it is plausible to support the hypothesis that C. marginatum is the American form, as previously suggested by other authors.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Luis García Prieto for providing specimens of Clinostomum from the CNHE and Laura Marquez for her help with the use of the DNA sequencer. We thank Serapio López-Jiménez for his help to collect specimens from Teapa, Tabasco and to David Hernández Mena and Mirza Patricia Ortega Olivares for their help during field work. This research was partially supported by grants from the Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Inovación Tecnológica (PAPIIT 207213 and PAPIIT 202111) to MGV and GPPL, respectively, and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT 179048 and 83043) to MGV and GPPL, respectively.

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  1. Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-153, C.P. 04510, México, D.F., México

    Ana L. Sereno-Uribe, Carlos D. Pinacho-Pinacho, Martín García-Varela & Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León

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  1. Ana L. Sereno-Uribe
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  2. Carlos D. Pinacho-Pinacho
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  3. Martín García-Varela
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  4. Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León
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Correspondence to Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León.

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Sereno-Uribe, A.L., Pinacho-Pinacho, C.D., García-Varela, M. et al. Using mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA sequences to test the taxonomic validity of Clinostomum complanatum Rudolphi, 1814 in fish-eating birds and freshwater fishes in Mexico, with the description of a new species. Parasitol Res 112, 2855–2870 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3457-5

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