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Nyctanthes arbor-tristis positively affects immunopathology of malaria-infected mice prolonging its survival

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Abstract

In order to search for new products that display antimalarial and immunomodulatory mechanisms that complement direct antiparasitic activity, a set of in vitro and in vivo experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Three extracts of N. arbor-tristis leaves from varying concentrations of alcohol and water were considered for their potential to suppress expression of pro-inflammatory mediators from macrophages primed with lipopolysaccharide. The ethanolic extract, which lowered the pro-inflammatory mediators [tumour necrosis factor (TNF), 13.52–55.83 %; interleukin-6 (IL-6), 0–17.29 %; and NO, 39.37–81.63 %], was selected to be examined in malaria (P. berghei) infected mice. Corroborating the in vitro results, it was observed that the extract could normalise the TNF (78 %) and IL-6 (70.35 %) optimally at 1 g/kg, thus retarding the pathological process in infected mice and increasing the mean survival time from 10.6 to 15.6 days. There were no signs of toxicity in the acute oral toxicity test up to 2 g/kg. 1H NMR of the biologically active extract was obtained to ensure the presence of the compound of interest, i.e., iridoid glycoside. The quality and the reproducibility of results were ensured by means of achieving characteristic high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint of the extract.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for funding the research through Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and fellowship to the first author.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Bioprospection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226015, India

    Jyoti Agrawal, Debabrata Chanda & Anirban Pal

  2. Analytical Chemistry, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226015, India

    Karuna Shanker

Authors
  1. Jyoti Agrawal
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  2. Karuna Shanker
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  3. Debabrata Chanda
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Correspondence to Anirban Pal.

Electronic supplementary material

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Supplementary file 1

Characteristic UV spectra of important peaks from HPLC (JPEG 132 kb)

High resolution image (TIFF 311 kb)

Supplementary file 2

Parasitaemia kinetics of treated animals (JPEG 45 kb)

High resolution image (TIFF 47 kb)

Supplementary file 3

Haemoglobin levels of treated animals (JPEG 28 kb)

High resolution image (TIFF 19 kb)

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Agrawal, J., Shanker, K., Chanda, D. et al. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis positively affects immunopathology of malaria-infected mice prolonging its survival. Parasitol Res 112, 2601–2609 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3427-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3427-y

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