Abstract
A potentially fatal microsporidial infection targeting the skeletal muscles of the tiger barb Puntius tetrazona was described. Ultrastructural and molecular analyses of infected tissues confirmed that the causative parasite was Pleistophora hyphessobryconis. Compared to P. hyphessobryconis observed in other hosts, those infecting tiger barb demonstrated differences in ultrastructure that may be related to host adaptation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that classifications based on different methods of analysis (molecular, morphologic, or developmental) do not always coincide, and suggesting that the genetic relationships between Pleistophora and Ovipleistophora may need to be redefined. Transparent mutants of tiger barb can be artificially infected by P. hyphessobryconis, and the dynamic process and spatial distribution of P. hyphessobryconis infection can be observed in real time. These transparent fish mutants are a valuable model to study microsporidial infection in vivo.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdel-Ghaffar F, Bashtar AR, Mehlhorn H, Al-Rasheid K, Al-Olayan E, Koura E, Morsy K (2009) Ultrastructure, development, and host-parasite relationship of a new species of the genus Pleistophora-a microsporidian parasite of the marine fish Epinephelus chlorostignei. Parasitol Res 106:39–46
Azevedo C, Matos E (2002) Fine structure of a new species, Loma myrophis (phylum Microsporidia), parasite of the Amazonian fish Myrophis platyrhynchus (Teleostei, Ophichthidae). Eur J Protistol 37:445–452
Baker MD, Vossbrinck CR, Didier ES, Maddox JV, Shadduck JA (1995) Small subunit ribosomal DNA phylogeny of various microsporidia with emphasis on AIDS related forms. J Eukaryot Microbiol 42:564–570
Baquero E, Rubio M, Moura NS, Pieniazek J, Jordana R (2005) Myosporidium merluccius n. g., n. sp. infecting muscle of commercial hake (Merluccius sp.) from fisheries near Namibia. J Eukaryot Microbiol 52:476–483
Bell AS, Aoki T, Yokoyama H (2001) Phylogenetic relationships among microsporidia based on rDNA sequence data, with particular reference to fish-infecting Microsporidium Balbiani 1884 species. J Eukaryot Microbiol 48:258–265
Cali A, Takvorian PM (2003) Ultrastructure and development of Pleistophora ronneafiei n. sp., a microsporidium (Protista) in the skeletal muscle of an immune-compromised individual. J Eukaryot Microbiol 50:77–85
Cali A, Weiss LM, Takvorian PM (2005) A review of the development of two types of human skeletal muscle infections from microsporidia associated with pathology in invertebrates and cold-blooded vertebrates. Folia Parasitol 52:51–61
Canning EU, Hazard EI (1982) Genus Pleistophora Gurley, 1893: an assemblage of at least three genera. J Protozool 29:39–49
Canning EU, Nicholas JP (1980) Genus Pleistophora (phylum Microspora): redescription of the type species, Pleistophora typicalis Gurley, 1893 and ultrastructural characterization of the genus. J Fish Dis 3:317–338
Casal G, Matos E, Teles-Grilo ML, Azevedo C (2008) A new microsporidian parasite, Potaspora morhaphis n. gen., n. sp. (Microsporidia) infecting the teleostean fish, Potamorhaphis guianensis from the River Amazon. Morphological, ultrastructural and molecular characterization. Parasitol 135:1053–1064
Cheney SA, Lafranchi-Tristem NJ, Canning EU (2000) Phylogenetic relationships of Pleistophora-like microsporidia based on small ribosomal DNA sequences and implications for the source of Trachipleistophora hominis infections. J Eukaryot Microbiol 47:280–287
Delbac F, Duffieux F, David D, Metenier G, Vivares CP (1998) Immunocytochemical identification of spore proteins in two microsporidia, with emphasis on extrusion apparatus. J Eukaryot Microbiol 45:224–231
Dunn AM, Judith ES (2001) Microsperidian life cycles and diversity: the relationship between virulence and transmission. Microbs Infect 3:38l–388
Faye N, Toguebaye BS, Bouix G (1990) Ultrastructure and development of Pleistophora senegalensis sp. nov. (Protozoa, Microspora) from the gilt-head sea bream, Sparus aurata L. (Teleost, Sparidae) from the coast of Senegal. J Fish Dis 13:179–192
Leiro J, Ortega M, Iglesias R, Estevez J, Sanmartin ML (1996) Pleistophora finisterrensis n. sp., a microsporidian parasite of blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou. Syst Parasitol 34:163–170
Lom J (2002) A catalogue of described genera and species of microsporidians parasitic in fish. Syst Parasitol 53:81–99
Lom J, Corliss JO (1967) Ultrastructural observations on the development of the microsporidian protozoon Plistophora hyphessobryconis Schaperclaus. J Eukaryot Microbiol 14:141–152
Lom J, Nilsen F (2003) Fish microsporidia: fine structural diversity and phylogeny. Int J Parasitol 33:107–127
Lom J, Dyková I, Tonguthai K (1999) Kabataia gen. n., new genus proposed for Microsporidium spp. infecting trunk muscles of fishes. Dis Aquat Org 38:39–46
Lom J, Dyková I, Wang CH, Lo CF, Kou GH (2000) Ultrastructural justification for transfer of Pleistophora anguillarum Hoshina, 1959 to the genus Heterosporis Schubert, 1969. Dis Aquat Org 43:225–231
Nilsen F (2000) Small subunit ribosomal DNA phylogeny of microsporidia with particular reference to genera that infect fish. J Parasitol 86:128–133
Nilsen F, Endresen C, Hordvik I (1998) Molecular phylogeny of microsporidians with particular reference to species that infect the muscle of fish. J Eukaryot Microbiol 45:535–543
Pekkarinen M, Lom J, Nilsen F (2002) Ovipleistophora gen. n., a new genus for Pleistophora mirandellae-like microsporidia. Dis Aquat Org 48:133–142
Sanders JL, Lawrence C, Nichols DK, Brubaker JF, Peterson TS, Murray KN, Kent ML (2010) Pleistophora hyphessobryconis (Microsporidia) infecting zebrafish Danio rerio in research facilities. Dis Aquat Org 91:47–56
Shaw RW, Kent ML, Adamson ML (2000) Innate susceptibility differences in chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to Loma salmonae (Microsporidia). Dis Aquat Org 43:49–53
Terry RS, Macneil C, Dick JT, Smith JE, Dunn AM (2003) Resolution of a taxonomic conundrum: an ultrastructural and molecular description of the life cycle of Pleistophora mulleri (Pfeiffer 1895; Georgevitch 1929). J Eukaryot Microbiol 50:266–273
Weber R, Bryan RT, Schwartz DA, Owen RL (1994) Human microsporidial infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 7:426–461
Acknowledgment
This study was supported by the National Science Foundation in China (No. 40976072).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, K., Chang, O., Wang, F. et al. Ultrastructure, development, and molecular phylogeny of Pleistophora hyphessobryconis, a broad host microsporidian parasite of Puntius tetrazona . Parasitol Res 111, 1715–1724 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-3013-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-3013-8