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Larvicidal efficacy of Sphaeranthus indicus, Cleistanthus collinus and Murraya koenigii leaf extracts against filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

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Abstract

Sphaeranthus indicus, Cleistanthus collinus and Murraya koenigii leaf extracts were tested against the third instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. The plant material was shade dried at room temperature and powdered coarsely. From each plant, 500 g powder was macerated with 1.5 L of hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate sequentially for a period of 72 h each and filtered. The yield of the S. indicus, C. collinus and M. koenigii crude extracts by hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate was 9.16, 11.71 and 10.83 g for S. indicus; 8.17, 10.69 and 9.85 g for C. collinus; and 10.11, 11.92 and 9.87 g for M. koenigii, respectively. The extracts were concentrated at reduced temperature on a rotary vacuum evaporator and stored at a temperature of 4°C. The S. indicus, C. collinus and M. koenigii leaf extracts at 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 ppm caused a significant mortality of C. quinquefasciatus. The LC50 and LC90 values of S. indicus, C. collinus and M. koenigii against third instar larvae at 24, 48 and 72 h (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate) were the following: S. indicus LC50 values were 544.93, 377.86 and 274.79 ppm and LC90 values were 1,325.32, 1,572.55 and 1,081.29 ppm at 24 h; C. collinus LC50 values were 375.34, 318.29 and 226.10 ppm and LC90 values were 699.65, 1,577.62 and 1,024.92 ppm at 24 h; and M. koenigii LC50 values were 963.53, 924.85 and 857.62 ppm and LC90 values were 1,665.12, 1,624.68 and 1,564.37 ppm at 24 h, respectively. However, the highest larval mortality was observed in C. collinus followed by S. indicus and M. koenigii of various concentrations at 24, 48 and 72 h. The study proved that S. indicus, C. collinus and M. koenigii leaf extracts had larvicidal property against species of C. quinquefasciatus. This is an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of vector control programmes.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. T. Ambrose, Professor and Head of the Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, for the laboratory facilities provided and for his valuable suggestions and constant encouragement during the study period.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India

    Kalimuthu Kovendan

  2. P.G. Research and Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai, 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India

    Subramaniam Arivoli & Savariar Vincent

  3. Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai, 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India

    Rajan Maheshwaran & Kathirvelu Baskar

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  1. Kalimuthu Kovendan
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  2. Subramaniam Arivoli
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  3. Rajan Maheshwaran
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Correspondence to Kalimuthu Kovendan.

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Kalimuthu Kovendan and Subramaniam Arivoli made equal contributions to this work.

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Kovendan, K., Arivoli, S., Maheshwaran, R. et al. Larvicidal efficacy of Sphaeranthus indicus, Cleistanthus collinus and Murraya koenigii leaf extracts against filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 111, 1025–1035 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-2927-5

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