Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Immunolocalization of β- and δ-giardin within the ventral disk in trophozoites of Giardia duodenalis using multiplex laser scanning confocal microscopy

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Parasitology Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Immunolocalization of β- and δ-giardin in Giardia duodenalis trophozoites revealed that both giardins are strictly associated with the ventral disk (VD). Optical sectioning of the immunolabeled VD, together with quantitative colocalization of δ- and β-giardin immunoreactivity, demonstrated that δ-giardin is primarily localized to the ventral side, and β-giardin is localized to the dorsal side of the VD.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adler J, Parmryd I (2010) Quantifying colocalization by correlation: the Pearson correlation coefficient is superior to the Mander’s overlap coefficient. Cytometry A 77(8):733–742

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aggarwal A, Nash TE (1989) Characterization of a 33-kilodalton structural protein of Giardia lamblia and localization to the ventral disk. Infect Immun 57:1305–1310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crossley R, Holberton D (1985) Assembly of 2.5 nm filaments from giardin, a protein associated with cytoskeletal microtubules in Giardia. J Cell Sci 78:205–231

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Kon I, Murase T, Takasu M, Mukohjima K, Sakai K (2009) Effect of preservation with formaldehyde buffered saline on viability of frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa measured by propidium iodide. Global Veterinaria 3:297–301

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elmendorf HG, Dawson SC, McCaffery JM (2003) The cytoskeleton of Giardia lamblia. Int J Parasitol 33:3–28

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Güssow D, Clackson T (1989) Direct clone characterization from plaques and colonies by the polymerase chain reaction. Nucleic Acids Res 17:4000

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanahan D (1983) Studies on the transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmids. J Mol Biol 166:557–580

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heyworth MF, Foell JD, Sell TW (1999) Giardia muris: evidence for a β-giardin homologue. Exp Parasitol 91:284–287

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holberton DV, Ward AP (1981) Isolation of the cytoskeleton from Giardia tubulin and a low-molecular-weight protein associated with microribbon structures. J Cell Sci 47:139–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holberton D, Baker A, Marshall J (1988) Segmented alpha-helical coiled-coil structure of the protein giardin from the Giardia cytoskeleton. J Mol Biol 204:789–795

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins MC, O'Brien CN, Murphy C, Schwarz R, Miska K, Rosenthal B, Trout JM (2009) Antibodies to the ventral disc protein δ-giardin prevent in vitro binding of Giardia lamblia trophozoites. J Parasitol 95:895–899

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keister DB (1983) Axenic culture of Giardia lamblia in TYI-S-33 medium supplemented with bile. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 77:487–488

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manders EM, Verbeek FJ, Aten JA (1993) Measurement of co-localization of objects in dual-colour confocal images. J Microsc 169:375–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison HG, McArthur AG, Gillin FD, Aley SB, Adam RD, Olsen GJ, Best AA, Cande WZ, Chen F, Cipriano MJ, Davids BJ, Dawson SC, Elmendorf HG, Hehl AB, Holder ME, Huse SM, Kim UU, Lasek-Nesselquist E, Manning G, Nigam A, Nixon JE, Palm D, Passamaneck NE, Prabhu A, Reich CI, Reiner DS, Samuelson J, Svard SG, Sogin ML (2007) Genomic minimalism in the early diverging intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia. Science 317:1921–1926

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nohria A, Alonso RA, Peattie DA (1992) Identification and characterization of γ-giardin and the γ-giardin gene from Giardia lamblia. Mol Biochem Parasitol 56:27–37

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palm D, Weiland M, McArthur AG, Winiecka-Krusnell J, Cipriano MJ, Birkeland SR, Pacocha SE, Davids B, Gillin F, Linder E, Svard S (2005) Developmental changes in the adhesive disk during Giardia differentiation. Mol Biochem Parasitol 141:199–207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sambrook J, Fritsch F, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiland ME, Palm JE, Griffiths WJ, McCaffery JM, Svard SG (2003) Characterisation of alpha-1 giardin: an immunodominant Giardia lamblia annexin with glycosaminoglycan binding activity. Int J Parasitol 33:1341–1351

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiland ME, McArthur AG, Morrison HG, Sogin ML, Svard SG (2005) Annexin-like alpha giardins: a new cytoskeletal gene family in Giardia lamblia. Int J Parasitol 35:617–626

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wenman WM, Meuser RU, Nyugen Q, Kilani RT, El-Shewy K, Sherburne R (1993) Characterization of an immunodominant Giardia lamblia protein antigen related to alpha giardin. Parasitol Res 79:587–592

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We greatly acknowledge Julie Headley and Meghan Heffron for the valuable contribution to this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), Environmental Microbial & Food Safety Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Bldg 173, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA

    Dumitru Macarisin, Celia O’Brien, Ronald Fayer & Mark Jenkins

  2. USDA-ARS, Electron & Confocal Microscopy Unit, 10300 Baltimore Ave. Bldg. 465, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA

    Gary Bauchan

Authors
  1. Dumitru Macarisin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Celia O’Brien
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ronald Fayer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gary Bauchan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mark Jenkins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dumitru Macarisin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Macarisin, D., O’Brien, C., Fayer, R. et al. Immunolocalization of β- and δ-giardin within the ventral disk in trophozoites of Giardia duodenalis using multiplex laser scanning confocal microscopy. Parasitol Res 111, 241–248 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-2825-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-2825-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation