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In vitro efficacy of plant extracts and synthesized substances on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

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Abstract

Herbal drugs have been widely evaluated as an alternative method of parasite control, aiming to slow development of resistance and obtain low-cost biodegradable parasiticides. This study evaluated the in vitro efficacy on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus of extracts from Carapa guianensis seed oil, Cymbopogon martinii and Cymbopogon schoenanthus leaf essential oil, and Piper tuberculatum leaf crude extract and similar synthesized substances. In the immersion test, engorged females were evaluated in five dilutions ranging from 10% to 0.030625% concentration. In the larval test on impregnated filter paper, the concentration ranged from 10% to 0.02%. The treatments and controls were done in three replicates. Chemical analysis of the oils was performed by gas chromatography. The main compounds were oleic acid (46.8%) for C. guianensis and geraniol for C. martinii (81.4%), and C. schoenanthus (62.5%). The isolated and synthesized substances showed no significant effect on larvae and adult. C. martinii and P. tuberculatum showed the best efficacy on the engorged females. The LC50 and LC90 were 2.93% and 6.66% and 3.76% and 25.03%, respectively. In the larval test, the LC50 and LC90 obtained for C. martinii, P. tuberculatum, and C. schoenanthus were 0.47% and 0.63%, 0.41% and 0.79%, 0.57% and 0.96%, respectively. The fact that geraniol is present in greater quantities in C. martinii explains its higher activity in relation to C. shoenanthus. It is necessary to validate the in vivo use of safe and effective phytoparasiticidal substances. Efforts should be focused on developing formulations that enhance the efficacy in vivo and lengthen the residual period.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful for the technical support of the Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste laboratory and field staff.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil

    Ana Carolina de Souza Chagas & Márcia Cristina de Sena Oliveira

  2. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil

    Luiz Daniel de Barros & Rodrigo Giglioti

  3. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil

    Fernando Cotinguiba & Maysa Furlan

  4. Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo

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  1. Ana Carolina de Souza Chagas
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  2. Luiz Daniel de Barros
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  3. Fernando Cotinguiba
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Correspondence to Ana Carolina de Souza Chagas.

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de Souza Chagas, A.C., de Barros, L.D., Cotinguiba, F. et al. In vitro efficacy of plant extracts and synthesized substances on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Parasitol Res 110, 295–303 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2488-z

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