Abstract
Two exploratory studies were performed to determine the optimum therapeutic dose of Procox® for the removal of experimental infection with mature adult Toxocara (T.) cati and Ancylostoma (A.) tubaeforme in kittens. Procox® is a new oral suspension containing a combination of the nematocidal and coccidiocidal active principles emodepside (0.1 %) and toltrazuril (2 %).
In the first study, 18 eight-weeks-old kittens were inoculated with 450 L3 larvae of T. cati. 56 days after infection, the kittens were allocated to three treatment groups and were treated with 0.5 mg emodepside/kg body weight (group 1), 0.25 mg emodepside/kg body weight (group 2) and 0.1 mg emodepside/kg body weight (group 3), respectively. In the second study, 10 eight-weeks-old kittens were inoculated with 350 L3 larvae of A. tubaeforme. Four weeks after infection, the kittens were allocated to two treatment groups and were treated with 0.1 mg emodepside/kg body weight (group 1) or 0.25 mg emodepside/kg body weight (group 2). In both studies, all kittens received a reference treatment with Drontal® (230 mg pyrantel embonate and 20 mg praziquantel per tablet) at the recommended dose of one tablet/4 kg body weight 5 days after treatment with Procox®. Anthelmintic efficacy was calculated by reduction in worm numbers expelled with the faeces following treatment with Procox® as compared with faecal worm numbers after reference treatment with Drontal®, by thus avoiding necropsy of the animals.
In the T. cati study, emodepside was at 99.9 %, 100 % and 96.5 % effective at a dosage of 0.5 mg, 0.25 mg and 0.1 mg per kg body weight, respectively. Against A. tubaeforme emodepside was at 95.7 % and 100 % effective at a dosage of 0.1 mg and 0.25 mg per kg body weight. No adverse events were seen during either study.
It can be concluded that Procox® is efficacious for the control of mature adult T. cati and A. tubaeforme infections in cats at a single-dose rate of 0.25 mg emodepside/kg body weight.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Altreuther G, Buch J, Charles SD, Davis WL, Krieger KJ, Radeloff I (2005) Field evaluation of the efficacy and safety of emodepside/praziquantel spot-on solution against naturally acquired nematode and cestode infections in domestic cats. Parasitol Res 97:58–64.
Altreuther G, Schimmel A, Schroeder I, Bach T, Charles S, Kok DJ, Kraemer F, Wolken S, Young D, Krieger KJ (2009) Efficacy of emodepside plus praziquantel (Profender® tablets for dogs) against mature and immature infections with Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina in dogs. Parasitol Res 105:1–8.
Anderson TC, Foster GW, Forrester DJ (2003) Hookworms of feral cats in Florida. Vet Parasitol 115:19–24.
Barutzki D, Schaper R (2003) Endoparasites in dogs and cats in Germany 1999–2002. Parasitol Res 90 (Suppl 3):148–150
Beck W, Pantchev N (2008) Helminthosen bei Hund und Katze – Artenspektrum, Vorkommen, Entwurmungsstrategien. Kleintierpraxis 53:30–44.
Bowman DD, Hendrix CM, Lindsay DS, Barr SC (2002) Feline clinical parasitology. Iowa State University Press, Iowa.
Dubinsky P, Havasiova-Reiterova K, Petko B, Hovorka I, Tomasovicova O (1995) Role of small mammals in the epidemiology of toxocarosis. Parasitology 10:187–193.
Eckert J (2000) Helminthosen von Hund und Katze. In: Rommel M, Eckert J, Kutzer E, Körting W, Schneider T (eds) Veterinärmedizinische Parasitologie, 5th edn, Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, pp 545–604.
Epe C, Coati N, Schnieder T (2004) Results of parasitological examinations of faecal samples from horses, ruminants, pigs, dogs, cats, hedgehogs and rabbits between 1998 and 2002. Dtsch Tierärztl Wochenschr 111:243–247.
Jacobs DE, Arakawa A, Courtney CH, Gemmell MA, McCall JW, Myers GH, Vanparijs O (1994) World association for the advancement of veterinary parasitology (WAAVP) guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of anthelmintics for dogs and cats. Vet Parasitol 52:179–202.
Gracenea M, Gomez MS, Torres J (2009) Prevalence of intestinal parasites in shelter dogs and cats in the metropolitan area of Barcelona (Spain). Acta Parasitol 54:73–77.
Hendrix CM (1995) Helminth infections of the feline small and large intestines: diagnosis and treatment. Vet Med 90:456–476.
Labarthe N, Serrao ML, Ferreira AM, Almeida NK, Guerrero J (2004) A survey of gastrointestinal helminthes in cats from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Vet Parasitol 123:133–139.
Onwuliri CO, Nwosu AB, Anya AO (1981) Experimental Ancylostoma tubaeforme infections of cats: changes in blood values and worm burden in relation to single infections of varying size. Parasitol Res 64:149–155.
Overgaauw PA (1997) Aspects of Toxocara epidemiology: human toxocarosis. Crit Rev Microbiol 23:215–231.
Perrucci S, Glorioso A, Tarrantino C (2001) Parassitosi nei canili e nei gattili. Obiettivi e Documenti Veterinari 22:37–40.
Reinemeyer CR, Charles SD, Buch J, Settje T, Altreuther G, Cruthers L, McCall JW, Young DR, Epe C (2005) Evaluation of the efficacy of emodepside plus praziquantel topical solution against ascarid infections (Toxocara cati or Toxascaris leonina) in cats. Parasitol Res 97:41–50.
Schimmel A, Altreuther G, Schroeder I, Charles S, Cruthers L, Ketzis J, Kok DJ, Kraemer F, McCall JW, Krieger KJ (2009) Efficacy of emodepside plus praziquantel (Profender® tablets for dogs) against mature and immature adult Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala infections in dogs. Parasitol Res 105:9–16.
Sprent JFA (1956) The life history and development of Toxocara cati (Shrank 1788) in the domestic cat. Parasitology 46:54–79.
Tharaldsen J (1982) Parasitic organisms from dogs and cats in sandpits from nursery schools in Oslo. Norsk Veterinaertidsskrift 94:251–254.
von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Harder A, Schnieder T, Kalbe J, Mencke N (2000) In vivo activities of the new anthelmintic depsipeptide PF 1022A. Parasitol Res 86:194–199.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Petry, G., Kruedewagen, E., Bach, T. et al. Efficacy of Procox® Oral Suspension for Dogs (0.1% Emodepside and 2% Toltrazuril) against Experimental Nematode (Toxocara cati and Ancylostoma tubaeforme) Infections in Cats. Parasitol Res 109 (Suppl 1), 37–43 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2401-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2401-9