Abstract
The coccidia Isospora felis and Isospora rivolta are intestinal parasites occurring worldwide in domestic cats. In young cats, they can be detected with higher prevalence.
The effects of toltrazuril in the new combination product Procox® oral suspension for dogs containing 0.1 % emodepside and 2 % toltrazuril (0.9 mg emodepside + 18 mg toltrazuril per ml) were studied in eighteen kittens experimentally infected each with a total of 1 x 105 oocysts of a mixture of Isospora felis and Isospora rivolta. In the infectious material, the quantitative relation of I. felis and I. rivolta was about 1:5. Following a three-days period after infection, two groups of 6 kittens were treated during the prepatent period with either a single dose of 0.45 mg emodepside + 9 mg toltrazuril/kg body weight or 0.9 mg emodepside + 18 mg toltrazuril/kg body weight. A group of six kittens without any treatment served as a control. On day 5 post infection, the untreated kittens started the excretion of oocysts. Treatment with both toltrazuril doses significantly reduced oocyst excretion. Following the single higher dose, the reduction of oocysts of both Isospora spp. was more pronounced (96.7 % to 100 %) in comparison to the lower dose (57.2 % to 100 %). The Procox® application was well tolerated and no adverse events were seen with any of the applied dosages.
When administered to kittens and as a single treatment during the prepatent period, Procox® is suitable to control the number of oocysts excreted in the faeces in case of an Isospora felis and Isospora rivolta infection.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Andrews JM (1926) Coccidiosis in mammals. Am J Hyg 6:784–794.
Araujo FAP, Silva NRS, Chaplin EL, Machado PM (1996) Coocidia of the genera Isospora in dogs and cats from the veterinary clinical hospital at Rio Grande do Sul University, No. Ano de 1992. Arq Fac Vet, UFRGS 24:91–94.
Barutzki D, Schaper R (2003) Endoparasites in dogs and cats in Germany 1999–2003. Parasitol Res 90:148–150.
Battersby I, Harvey A (2006) Differential diagnosis and treatment of acute diarhoea in the dog and cat. In Practice 28:480–488.
Cieslicki M, Lipper E (1993) Zur Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Clazuril (Appertex®) bei der Kokzidiose von Katze und Hund. Kleintierpraxis 38:725–728.
Daugschies A, Mundt H-C, Letkova V (2000) Toltrazuril treatment of cystisosporosis in dogs under experimental and field conditions. Parasitol Res 86:797–799.
Dubey JP (1976) A review of Sarcocystis of domestic animals and of other coccidia of cats and dogs. JAVMA 169:1061–1078.
Dubey JP, Streitel RH (1976) Isospora felis and I. rivolta infections in cats induced by mice or oocysts. Brit Vet J 132:649–651.
Dubey JP (1977) Attempted transmission of feline coccidian from chronically infected queens to their kittens. JAVMA 170:541–544.
Dubey JP (1979) Life cycle of Isospora rivolta (Grassi, 1879) in cats and mice. J Protozool 26:433–443.
Dubey JP (1993) Intestinal protozoa infections. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 23:37–55.
Epe C, Coati N, Schnieder T (2004) Results of parasitological examinations of faecal samples from horses, ruminants, pigs, dogs, cats, hedgehogs and rabbits between 1998 and 2002. Dtsch Tierärztl Wochenschr 111:243–247.
Gjerde B, Vatn S, Nielsen B, Dahl J (2009) Comparative efficacy of toltrazuril and diclazuril against coccidiosis in lambs on pasture. Norsk Veterinaertidsskrift 3:259–266.
Haberkorn A (1996) Chemotherapy of human and animal coccidiosis: state and perspective. Parasitol Res 82:193–199.
Kayembe K, Desmet P, Henry MC, Stoffels P (1989) Diclazuril for Isospora belli infections in AIDS. Lancet 1:1397–1398.
Kirkpatrick CE, Dubey JP (1987) Enteric coccidial infections. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 17:1405–1420.
Levine ND (1973) Protozoan parasites of domestic animals and of man. 2nd edn. Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota, pp 223–225.
Lindsay DS (1990) Isospora: Infections of intestine: Biology. In: Long PL (ed): Coccidiosis of Man and Domestic Animals. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 77–89.
Lindsay DS, Blagburn BL (1994) Biology of mammalian Isospora. Parasitol Today 10:214–219.
Lindsay DS, Dubey JP, Blagburn BL (1997) Biology of Isospora species from humans, non human primates and domestic animals. Clin Microbiol Rev 10:19–34.
Lloyd S, Smith J (2001) Activity of toltrazuril and diclazuril against Isospora species in kittens and puppies. Vet Rec 148:509–511.
Lopez J, Abarkca K, Paredes P, Inzunza E (2006) Intestinal parasites in dogs and cats with gastrointestinal symptoms in Santiago, Chile. Rev Med Chil 134:193–200.
Mundt H-C, Joachim A, Becka M, Daugschies A (2006) Isospora suis: an experimental model for mammalian intestinal coccidiosis. Parasitol Res 98:167–175.
Mundt H-C, Rödder F, Mengel H, Bangoura B, Ocak M, Daugschies A (2007) Control of coccidiosis due to Eimeria bovis and Eimeria zuernii in calves with toltrazuril under field conditions in comparison with diclazuril and untreated controls. Parasitol Res 101:93–104.
O’Brien CR, Pope SE, Malik R (2002) Vomiting, diarroea and inappetence in a young cat with hypoproteinaemia. Aust Vet J 80:544–551.
Palmer CS, Thompson RCA, Traub RJ, Rees R, Robertson ID (2008) National study of the gastrointestinal parasites of dogs and cats in Australia. Vet Parasitol 151:181–190.
Schmidt U (1971) Parasitologische Kotuntersuchung durch ein neues Verdünnungsverfahren. Tierärztl Umschau 26:229–230.
Shah HL (1971) The life cycle of Isospora felis (Wenyon, 1923), a coccidium of the cat. J Protozool 18:17.
Tzannes S, Batchelor DJ, Graham PA, Pinchbeck GL, Wastling J, German AJ (2008) Prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Isospora species infections in pet cats with clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease. J Feline Med Surg 10:1–8.
Wetzel R (1951) Verbesserte McMaster Kammer zum Auszählen von Wurmeiern. Tierärztl Rundschau 6:209–210.
Wilkinson GT (1977) Coccidial infection in a cat colony. Vet Rec 100:156–157.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Petry, G., Kruedewagen, E., Kampkoetter, A. et al. Efficacy of Emodepside/Toltrazuril Suspension (Procox® Oral Suspension for Dogs) against Mixed Experimental Isospora felis/Isospora rivolta Infection in Cats. Parasitol Res 109 (Suppl 1), 29–36 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2400-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2400-x