Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of triclabendazole (TCBZ) and nitroxynil against a TCBZ-resistant Fasciola hepatica strain in a naturally infected sheep flock. The efficacies were measured by the faecal egg count reduction test. The level of F. hepatica antigens was tested in faeces; and haematological indices such as total proteins (TP), albumin, hepatic enzymes and total IgG were also studied. The results confirmed the resistance of F. hepatica against TCBZ in the flock with an efficacy during the first month post-treatment between 59.4% and 73.8%. In the nitroxynil group, the efficacy during the same period ranged between 81.3% and 86%, likely because the efficacy of this drug against 7- to 9-week-old immature stages is only 50–90%. Anemia was showed in all groups and white blood cells were always higher than the reference range. The values of TP and albumin were within normal range in most of the sheep, and an increase in hepatic enzymes confirmed the liver damage. Regarding total IgG, some negative correlations were found with egg excretion, and in relation to the level of antigens in faeces, these ones decreased immediately after treatment. We conclude that nitroxynil could be an alternative in case of TCBZ resistance.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Álvarez-Sánchez MA, Mainar-Jaime RC, Pérez-García J, Rojo-Vázquez FA (2006) Resistance of Fasciola hepatica to triclabendazole and albendazole in sheep in Spain. Vet Rec 159:424–425
Benjamín MM (1984) Manual de parasitología clínica veterinaria. Ed, Limusa, México, p 135
Boray JC (1990) Drug resistance in Fasciola hepatica. In: Boray JC, Martin PJ, Roush RT (eds) Resistance of parasites to antiparasitic drugs. New Jersey, pp 51–60
Coles GC, Stafford KA (2001) Activity of oxyclozanide, nitroxynil, clorsulon and albendazole against adult triclabendazole-resistant Fasciola hepatica. Vet Rec 148:723–724
Coles GC, Bauer C, Borgsteede FH, Geerts S, Klei TR, Taylor MA, Waller PJ (1992) World Association for the Advancement of Vet Parasitol (W.A.A.V.P.) methods for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance. Vet Parasitol 44:35–44
Cordero-del Campillo M, Rojo-Vázquez F (1999) Parasitología veterinaria. Interamericana Mc Graw Hill, España, p 264
Değer Y, Ertekin A, Değer S, Mert H (2008) Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant potential of sheep liver infected naturally with distomatosis. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 32:23–26
Dorsman W (1968) Resistance of Fasciola hepatica towards hexachlorophene. Wiad Parazytol 14:631–638
Duménigo BE, Mezo M (1999) Monoclonal antibody sandwich immunoassay detection of coproantigen to evaluate the efficacy of treatment in natural ovine fasciolosis. Res Vet Sci 66:165–167
Duménigo BE, Espino AM, Finlay CM, Mezo M (2000) Kinetics of antibody-based antigen detection in serum and faeces of sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Vet Parasitol 28:153–161
Fairweather I, Boray JC (1999) Fasciolicides: efficacy, actions, resistance and its management. Vet J 158:81–112
Ferre I, Ortega-Mora LM, Rojo-Vázquez FA (1995) Seroprevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in sheep in northwestern Spain. Parasitol Res 81:137–142
Ferre I, López P, Rojo-Vázquez FA, Gonzalez-Gallego J (1996) Experimental ovine fascioliasis: antipyrine clearance as indicator of liver damage. Vet Parasitol 62:93–100
Ferre I, Ortega-Mora LM, Rojo-Vázquez FA (1997) Serum and bile antibody responses (IgG and IgA) during subclinical Fasciola hepatica infection in sheep. Vet Parasitol 68:261–267
Galtier P, Larrieu G, Tufenkji AE, Franc M (1986) Incidence of experimental fascioliasis on the activity of drug metabolising enzymes in lamb liver. Drug Metab Dispos 14:173–141
García-Perez AL, Juste-Jordan RA (1987) Helmintos parásitos de la oveja en el País Vasco. Rev Iber Parasitol Extraordinario:105–113
Gonzalo-Orden M, Millán L, Álvarez M, Sánchez-Campos S, Jiménez R, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ (2003) Diagnostic imaging in sheep hepatic fascioliasis: ultrasound, computer tomography and magnetic resonance findings. Parasitol Res 90:359–364
Hawkins CD (1984) The use of haemoglobin, packed-cell volume and serum sorbitol dehydrogenase as indicators of the development of fascioliasis in sheep. Vet Parasitol 15:125–133
Matanović K, Severin K, Martinković F, Simpraga M, Janicki Z, Barisić J (2007) Hematological and biochemical changes in organically farmed sheep naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Parasitol Res 101:1657–1661
McConville M, Brennan GP, Flanagan A, Edgar HW, Hanna RE, McCoy M, Gordon AW, Castillo R, Hernández-Campos A, Fairweather I (2009) An evaluation of the efficacy of compound alpha and triclabendazole against two isolates of Fasciola hepatica. Vet Parasitol 26:75–88
Mooney L, Good B, Hanrahan JP, Mulcahy G, de Waal T (2009) The comparative efficacy of four anthelmintics against a natural acquired Fasciola hepatica infection in hill sheep flock in the west of Ireland. Vet Parasitol 164:201–205
Overend DJ, Bowen FL (1995) Resistance of Fasciola hepatica to triclabendazole. Aust Vet J 72:275–276
Phiri IK, Phiri AM, Harrison LJ (2006) Serum antibody isotype responses of Fasciola-infected sheep and cattle to excretory and secretory products of Fasciola species. Vet Parasitol 141:234–242
Raadsma HW, Kingsford NM, Suharyanta STW, Piedrafita D (2007) Host responses during experimental infection with Fasciola gigantica or Fasciola hepatica in Merino sheep I. Comparative immunological and plasma biochemical changes during early infection. Vet Parasitol 143:275–286
Sánchez-Andrade R, Paz-Silva A, Suárez JL, Panadero R, Pedreira J, Díez-Baños P, Morrondo P (2001) Effect of fasciolicides on the antigenaemia in sheep naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Parasitol Res 87:609–614
Schalm O, Jain J, Carroll E (1981) Hematología Veterinaria. Hemisferio Sur, Buenos Aires
Spithill TW, Dalton JP (1998) Progress in development of liver fluke vaccines. Parasitol Today 14:224–228
Sykes AR, Coop RL, Rushton B (1980) Chronic subclinical fascioliasis in sheep: effects on food intake, food utilisation and blood constituents. Res Vet Sci 28:63–70
Thienpont D, Rochette F, Vanparijs OFJ (1986) Diagnosing helminthiasis by coprological examination. Janssen Research Foundation, Beerse
Valero A, Ubeira FM, Koubbane M, Artigas P, Muiño L, Mezo M, Pérez-Crespo I, Periago MV, Mas-Coma S (2008) MM3-ELISA evaluation of coproantigen release and serum antibody production in sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Vet Parasitol 22:77–81
Vara-del Río MP, Paz-Silva A, Cruz-Rojo MA, Martínez-Valladares M, Morrondo-Pelayo MP, Rojo-Vázquez FA (2004) Detection of resistance to some fasciolicides in sheep from Northwest of Spain. Proceeding of the 12th congress of Mediterranean federation for health and production of Ruminants (FeMesPrum) pp 119
Acknowledgments
This research has been supported by Laboratorios Ovejero, S.A., León (Spain) and by the national project INIA-MEC, RTA2006-00183-C03-02.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Martínez-Valladares, M., del Rosario Famularo, M., Fernández-Pato, N. et al. Efficacy of nitroxynil against Fasciola hepatica resistant to triclabendazole in a naturally infected sheep flock. Parasitol Res 107, 1205–1211 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1989-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1989-5