Abstract
Three isolates of predator fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001), Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34), and Arthrobotrys robusta (I-31) were assessed in in vitro test regarding the capacity of prey infective larvae (L3) Strongyloides westeri. Compared to control, without fungus, there was a significant decrease (P < 0.01) of 80.4%, 67.9%, and 72.8% in means of infective larvae S. westeri recovered from treatments with isolates AC001, NF34, and I-31, respectively. All tested isolates were efficient in the capture of S. westeri (P > 0.01) in vitro test. Linear regression coefficients of treated and control groups were −0.21 for control, −0.32 for D. flagrans, −0.34 for M. thaumasium, and −0.22 for A. robusta. In the following, isolates AC001 and NF34 were assessed in vivo regarding the capacity of supporting the passage through equine gastrointestinal tract without loss of ability of preying infective larvae S. westeri. Fungal isolates survived the passage and were efficient in preying L3 since the first 12 h of collection (P < 0.01) in relation to the control group (without fungus). Compared to control, there was a significant decrease (P < 0.01) of 76.4% and 76.7% (12 h), 86.4% and 85.9% (24 h), 88.3% and 87.7% (48 h), and 89.9% and 87.2% (72 h) in means of infective larvae S. westeri recovered from treatments with isolates AC001 and NF34, respectively. Linear regression coefficients of L3 of recovered S. westeri regarding the collections due to time were 1.93 for control, −3.52 for AC001, and −2.64 for NF34. Fungi D. flagrans and M. thaumasium (NF34) have demonstrated to be promising for use in the biological control of equine parasite S. westeri.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Araújo JV, Sampaio WM (2000) Effects of temperature, mineral salt and passage through gastrointestinal tract of calves on alginate formulation of Arthrobotrys robusta. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 9:55–59
Araújo JV, Sampaio WM, Vasconcelos RS, Campos AK (2000) Effects of different temperatures and mineral salt on pellets of Monacrosporium thaumasium—a nematode-trapping fungus. Veterinarski Arhiv 80:181–190
Araújo JV, Mota MA, Campos AK (2004) Controle biológico de helmintos parasitos de animais por fungos nematófagos. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 13:165–170
Assis RCL, Araújo JV (2003) Avaliação da viabilidade de duas espécies de fungos predadores do gênero Monacrosporium sobre ciatostomíneos após a passagem pelo trato gastrintestinal de eqüinos em formulação de alginato de sódio. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 12:109–113
Ayres M, Ayres JRM, Ayres DL, Santos AS (2003) Aplicações estatísticas nas áreas de ciências biológicas. Sociedade civil mamirauá: Brasília CNPq, Belém, p 290
Bezerra SQ, Couto MCM, Souza TM, Bevilaqua CML, Anjos DHS, Sampaio IBM, Rodrigues MLA (2007) Cyathostominae (strongylidae-cyathostominae) horse parasites: experimental ecology of free living stages on pasture tifton 85 (Cynodon spp. cv. tifton 85) in baixada fluminense, RJ, Brazil. Rev Latinoameric 62:27–34
Braga F, Carvalho RO, Araujo JM, Silva AR, Araújo JV, Lima WS, Tavela AO, Ferreira SR (2009a) Predatory activity of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium thaumasium, Monacrosporium sinense and Arthrobotrys robusta on Angiostrongylus vasorum first stage larvae. J Helminthol 83:1–7
Braga FR, Araújo JV, Silva AR, Araujo JM, Carvalho RO, Campos AK, Tavela AO, Ribeiro GC (2009b) Biological control of horse cyathostomin (Nematoda: Cyathostominae) with the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in tropical southeast. Brazil Vet Pararasitol 163:335–340
Campos AK, Araújo JV, Guimarães MP (2008) Interaction between the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans and infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea). J Helminthol 82:337–341
Carvalho RO, Araújo JV, Braga FR, Araujo JM, Silva AR, Tavela AO (2009a) Predatory activity of nematophagous fungi on Ancylostoma ssp. infective larvae: evaluation in vitro and after passing through gastrointestinal tract of dogs. J Helminthol 15:1–5
Carvalho RO, Araújo JV, Braga FR, Araujo JM, Silva AR, Ferreira SR, Frassy LN, Alves CDF (2009b) Biological control of Ancylostomosis in dogs with the nematode-trapping fungus Monacrosporium thaumasium in southeastern Brazil. Vet Parasitol 165:179–183
Castro AA, Oliveira CRC, Anjos DHS, Ornellas EI, Bittencourt VREP, Araújo JV, Sampaio BM, Rodrigues MLA (2003) Potencial dos fungos nematófagos Arthrobotrys sp. E Monacrosporium thaumasium para o controle de larvas de ciatostomíneos de eqüinos (Nematoda: Cyathostominae). Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 12:49–53
Chandrawathani P, Jamnah O, Waller PJ, Larsen M, Gillespie AT, Zahari WM (2003) Biological control of nematode parasites of small ruminants in Malaysia using the nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans. Vet Parasitol 117:173–183
Dias AS, Araújo JV, Campos AK, Braga FR, Fonseca TA (2007) Application of a formulation of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in the control of cattle gastrointestinal nematodioses. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 28:1000–1007
Fenger CK (2000) Doenças dos potros. In: Reed SM, Bayly WM (eds) Medicina interna eqüina. Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro, pp 803–839
Gronvold J, Nansen P, Henriksen SA, Larsen M, Wolstrup J, Breciani J, Rawate H, Fribert L (1996) Induction of traps by Ostertagia ostertagi larvae, chlamydospore production and growth rate in the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans. J Helminthol 70:291–297
Kaplan RM (2002) Antihelmintic resistance in nematodes of horses. Vet Res Communications 33:491–507
Larsen M (1999) Biological control of helminths. Int J Parasitol 29:139–146
Matthews JB, Hodgkinson JE, Dowdall SMJ, Proudman CJ (2004) Recent developments in research into the Cyathostominae and Anoplocephala perfoliata. Vet Res 35:371–381
Melo UP, Ferreira C, Palhares MS (2007) Doenças gastrintestinais em potros: etiologia e tratamento. Ciência Animal Bras 4:733–744
Nansen P, Foldager J, Hansen J, Henriksen SA, Jorgensen RJ (1988) Grasing and acquisition of Ostertagia ostertagi in calves. Inter J Parasitol 27:325–335
Rédua CRO, Siciliano S, Mujica F, Araujo JV, Rodrigues MM (2002) Avaliação da passagem do fungo nematófago Monacrosporium thaumasium pelo trato gastrintestinal de equinos. Ciência Animal 12:133–136
Scholler M, Rubner A (1994) Predacious activity of the nematode destroying fungus Arthrobotrys Oligospora in dependence of the medium composition. Microbiol Res 149:145–149
Silva AR, Araújo JV, Braga FR, Carvalho RO, Tavela AO, Frassy LN, Castejon FV (2009) Biological control of sheep gastrointestinal nematodiosis in a tropical region of the southeast of Brazil with the nematode predatory fungi Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium. Parasitol Res 105:1707–1713
Terril TH, Larsen M, Samples O, Hsted S, Miller JE, Kaplan RM, Gelaye S (2004) Capability of the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans to reduce infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes in goat feces in the southeastern United States: dose titration and dose time interval studies. Vet Parasitol 120:285–296
Van Oorschot CAN (1985) Taxonomy of the Dactylaria complex. A review of Arthrobotrys and allied genera. Mycol 26:61–95
Walker HL, Connick WJ (1983) Sodium alginate for production and formulation of mycoherbicides. Weed Sci 31:333–338
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the Research Project of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brasil. To FAPEMIG for the financial support, and CAPES/Finep, for the scholarships granted.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Araujo, J.M., Araújo, J.V., Braga, F.R. et al. In vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi and after passing through gastrointestinal tract of equine on infective larvae of Strongyloides westeri . Parasitol Res 107, 103–108 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1841-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1841-y