Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance is a serious global problem because of the worldwide spread of resistant nematodes in animals and humans. This has triggered increasing investment in research for new anthelmintics. Over the past decade, Caenorhabditis elegans has become a popular model organism for parasitic nematode research, and many examples have been published to illustrate its use. In this study, we investigated the effect of KSI-4088 on the egg hatching, larval development, and migration of the nematode worm C. elegans compared with ivermectin and levamisole (well-known anthelmintic drugs). KSI-4088 demonstrated anthelmintic activity on all assays of C. elegans. The anthelmintic activity of KSI-4088 on egg hatching and larval development showed especially strong activity, but assays showed that ivermectin and levamisole had no effects on C. elegans. In addition, KSI-4088 was capable of producing a change in the timing of the development of the worms at the L1–L3 and L4 stage. Also, we demonstrate that C. elegans L3–4 are more sensitive than adults to KSI-4088 in assay of migration. Our results indicate that KSI-4088 is an active anthelmintic compound that should be further investigated with the aim of developing a potent drug against nematodes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aceves J, Erlij D, Martinez-Maranon R (1970) The mechanism of the paralyzing action of tetramisole on Ascaris somatic muscle. Br J Pharmacol 38:602–607
Brenner S (1974) The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 77:71–94
Bull K, Cook A, Hopper NA, Harder A, Holden-Dye L, Walker RJ (2007) Effects of the novel anthelmintic emodepside on the locomotion, egg-laying behaviour and development of Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Parasitol 37:627–636
Bundy DAP, De Silva NR (1998) Can we deworm this wormy world? Br Med Bull 54:421–432
Geary TG, Thompson DP (2003) Development of antiparasitic drugs in the 21st century. Vet Parasitol 115:167–184
Hwang BH, Park SH, Choi EB, Pak CS, Lee HK (2008) A methodology for the synthesis of highly functionalized 2- and 4-aminoquinoline derivatives. Tetrahedron 64:6698–6704
James CE, Davey MW (2009) Increased expression of ABC transport proteins is associated with ivermectin resistance in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Parasitol 39:213–220
Kass IS, Larsen DA, Wang CC, Stretton AO (1982) Ascaris suum: differential effects of avermentin B1a on the intact animal and neuromuscular strip preparations. Exp Parasitol 54:166–174
Pemverton DJ, Franks CJ, Walker RJ, Holden-Dye L (2001) Characterization of glutamate-gated chloride channels in the pharynx of wild-type and mutant Caenorhabditis elegans delineates the role of the subunit GluCl-alpha2 in the function of the native receptor. Mol Pharmacol 59:1037–1043
Rabel B, McGregor R, Douch PGC (1994) Improved bioassay for estimation of inhibitory effects of ovine gastrointestinal mucus and anthelmintics on nematode larval migration. Int J Parasitol 24:671–676
Schürmann S, Harder A, Schnieder T, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G (2007) Effects of emodepside on egg-hatching, larval development and larval motility in parasitic nematodes. Parasitol Res 101:45–56
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by grant no. RTI05-03-02 from the Regional Technology Innovation Program of the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE) in the Republic of Korea. We thank the Center for Biological Modulators of the 21st Century Frontier R&D program (CBM-33-A1500-01-01-00) and the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology for Financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kaewintajuk, K., Cho, P.Y., Kim, S.Y. et al. Anthelmintic activity of KSI-4088 against Caenorhabditis elegans . Parasitol Res 107, 27–30 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1828-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1828-8