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A cross-sectional study of trypanosomosis and its vectors in donkeys and mules in Northwest Ethiopia

Parasitology Research volume 106, pages 911–916 (2010)Cite this article

Abstract

A preliminary study was conducted in January 2009 in four peasant associations (PAs) selected from two districts in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia to investigate the prevalence and species of trypanosomes infecting donkeys and mules and identify the fly vectors playing a role in the transmission of trypanosomosis. Blood samples were collected from a total of 334 donkeys and 52 mules and examined by dark ground/phase contrast buffy coat technique and Giemsa-stained blood smears. Accordingly, trypanosome species were encountered in 6.3% of the examined donkeys (n = 21) while none of the mules examined was positive for trypanosome infection. Trypanosomes and tsetse flies were detected in two of the four PAs surveyed (Tsetsa adurno and Bamadone) with significant (P = 0.004) difference in prevalence. The inability to find trypanosomes in the other two PAs (Ura and Ashura) was most likely due to the absence of appropriate fly vectors. Three species of trypanosomes were detected in donkeys, which in order of predominance were Trypanosoma congolense (52.4%), Trypanosoma brucei (28.6%), and Trypanosoma vivax (19.05%). There was a significant (P = 0.008) difference in mean PCV between trypanosome infected and non-infected donkeys. The body condition score of the donkeys was significantly associated with both prevalence of infection (P = 0.009) and mean packed cell volume (PCV; P < 0.0001). No significant difference was observed between male and female donkeys regarding both prevalence of infection and mean PCV (P > 0.05 for each factor). The entomological surveys revealed the presence of Glossina morsitans submorsitans and other biting flies of the family Stomoxys, Tabanus, and Haematopota. In conclusion, the prevalence of trypanosomosis obtained in the current study is generally low compared to previous studies. As the present study design was a cross-sectional, one that only depicts a momentary picture of the infection status in the herd, a further longitudinal study that makes use of more sensitive techniques and entomological survey is recommended.

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Acknowledgment

We are grateful to the National Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Investigation and Control Center (NTTICC) for their technical assistance and provision of materials during the field study. We are also grateful to the equine owners for their cooperation during sampling.

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  1. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia

    Rahmeto Abebe & Amanuel Wolde

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  1. Rahmeto Abebe
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  2. Amanuel Wolde
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Correspondence to Rahmeto Abebe.

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Abebe, R., Wolde, A. A cross-sectional study of trypanosomosis and its vectors in donkeys and mules in Northwest Ethiopia. Parasitol Res 106, 911–916 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1758-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1758-5

Keywords

  • Packed Cell Volume
  • Body Condition Score
  • Trypanosome Infection
  • Trypanosome Species
  • Entomological Survey