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Expression of immune-regulatory genes, arginase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), in two rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) strains following exposure to Myxobolus cerebralis

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Abstract

The present endeavor was conducted to evaluate the role of activated macrophage in the susceptibility of two different rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) strains, a susceptible American (T) and a more resistant German (H), to infection with Myxobolus cerebralis. Arginase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes were used as references to the alternative and classical pathway of macrophage activation. The expression level of both genes was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression level of arginase-2 was significantly upregulated in strain T at 2 h and 8 days post exposure in the strain H. In case of iNOS, the expression level was significantly upregulated from 24 h to 8 days p.e. in strain T and only in 8 days p.e. in strain H. During this study also, the influence of nitric oxide (NO) on the viability of the triactinomyxon spores (TAMs) of M. cerebralis was evaluated using the NO-donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP). Rising final concentrations of SNAP from 0.25 to 1 mM at 2, 4, and 24 h resulted in increasing numbers of propidium iodide-positive TAMs detected. The results of this study suggest an inability of strain T to react with an effective immune response against infection with M. cerebralis. Furthermore, the TAMs of M. cerebralis react with significant decrease of viable spores to rising concentration of SNAP and longer incubation, but there is also evidence for some resistance to NO activity.

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Acknowledgments

This study was carried out in the course of a research project funded by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, EL-174/3-1). Statistical advice was kindly provided by S. Shirakashi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinic for Fish and Reptiles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Munich, Kaulbachstrasse 37, 80539, Munich, Germany

    Vanessa I. C. Severin

  2. Fish Medicine and Livestock Managements, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria

    Hatem Soliman & Mansour El-Matbouli

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  1. Vanessa I. C. Severin
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  2. Hatem Soliman
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  3. Mansour El-Matbouli
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Correspondence to Mansour El-Matbouli.

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Severin, V.I.C., Soliman, H. & El-Matbouli, M. Expression of immune-regulatory genes, arginase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), in two rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) strains following exposure to Myxobolus cerebralis . Parasitol Res 106, 325–334 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1661-0

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