P2X₇ modulatory web in Trypanosoma cruzi infection

Abstract

P2X₇ is a member of the purinergic receptors family, with extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the main agonist, promoting cations influx and membrane permeabilization that can lead to cell death. We previously proposed that extracellular ATP is involved in thymus atrophy induced by Trypanosoma cruzi infection through the induction of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ double-positive cell death and that P2X₇ could be involved in this process. To further elucidate this possibility raised by in vitro assays, in this study, we used ${\text{P}}2{\text{X}}_7^{{ - \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom { - - }} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} - }}$ mice and observed no difference in thymus atrophy or parasitemia when compared to C57Bl/6. We then decided to investigate other aspects of purinergic receptor interplay that could be better evidenced by the infection and observed that (1) thymocytes from infected and noninfected C57Bl/6 mice express P2X₄ and P2X₇ receptors (Western blotting), but ATP-induced membrane permeabilization only occurs in thymocytes from infected mice; (2) peritoneal macrophages from noninfected C57Bl/6 mice (${\text{P}}2{\text{X}}_4^ +$ and ${\text{P}}2{\text{X}}_7^ +$) are permeabilized by ATP. Although macrophages from infected C57Bl/6 mice are ${\text{P}}2{\text{X}}_7^ -$ but ${\text{P}}2{\text{X}}_4^ +$, they are resistant to ATP, either through permeabilization or Ca⁺⁺ influx (fluorimetry); (3) using noninfected ${\text{P}}2{\text{X}}_7^{{ - \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom { - - }} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} - }}$ mice, C57Bl/6 infected mice, and different agonistic stimuli, we observed interesting cross-talks among P2X and P2Y receptors (flow cytometry).