Abstract
Amebiasis and rabies are public health problems, and they have in common a poor inflammatory effect in the target organs that they affect. In the GenBank, it was found that the anti-inflammatory peptide monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (MLIF) produced by Entamoeba histolytica homologates 80%, with a fragment of the N protein of the rabies virus. We speculated if the N protein could contribute to the scant inflammatory reaction produced by rabies virus in central nervous system. The N protein was obtained and studied in vitro and in vivo. The N protein, as MLIF, inhibited the respiratory burst in human mononuclear phagocytes (43%, p<0.05), but in contrast to MLIF, it increased chemotaxis and it did not significantly inhibit delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction to 1-chloro-2-4-dinitrobenzene in guinea pigs. Therefore, the full peptide sequence has to be present or it has to be cleaved—free from the large recombinant N protein molecule (55 kDa) to become active.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- BACNF:
-
forward primer
- BACNR:
-
reverse primer
- CNS:
-
central nervous system
- DNCB:
-
1-chloro-2-4-dinitrobenzene
- FBS:
-
fetal bovine serum
- IC:
-
intracerebral
- LB:
-
Luria broth
- IMSS:
-
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
- MLIF:
-
monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor
- MP:
-
mononuclear phagocyte/monocyte
- OZ:
-
opsonizated zymosan
- PBS:
-
phosphate-buffered saline solution
- Sf:
-
Spodoptera frugiperda
- UAM:
-
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana
- UNAM:
-
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
References
Altman DG (1991) Practical statistics for medical research. Chapman & Hall/CRC, London
Armitage P, Berry G, Matthews JNS (2002) Statistical methods in medical research. Blackwell, Oxford
Astoul E, Lafage M, Lafon M (1996) Rabies superantigen as a VβT-dependent. J Exp Med 183:1623–1634
Chomczynski P, Sacchi N (1987) Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem 162:156–159
Dietzschold B, Wang H, Rupprecht CE, Celis E, Tollis M, Ertl H, Heber-Katz, Koprowski H (1987) Induction of protective immunity against rabies by immunization with rabies virus ribonucleoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84:9165–9169
Giménez-Scherer JA, Rico G, Fernández J, Kretschmer RR (1997) Inhibition of contact cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions to DNCB in guinea pigs by the monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (MLIF) produced by axenically grown Entamoeba histolytica. Arch Med Res 28:237–238
Goto H, Minamoto N, Ito H, Ito N, Sugiyama M, Kinjo T, Kawai A (2000) Mapping of epitopes and structural analysis of antigenic sites in the nucleoprotein of rabies virus. J Gen Virol 81:119–127
Klein JAB (1997) Immunology. Blackwell, Oxford
Kretschmer RR, Collado ML, Pacheco MG, Salinas MC, López OM, Lecuona M, Castro EM, Arellano J (1985) Inhibition of human monocyte locomotion by products of axenically grown Entamoeba histolytica. Parasite Immunol 7:527–543
Kretschmer RR, Rico G, Giménez JA (2001) A novel anti-inflammatory oligopeptide produced by Entamoeba histolytica. Mol Biochem Parasitol 112:201–209
Kucera LS, Myrvik QN (1985) Fundamentals of medical virology. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia
Lafon M, Lafage M, Martínez-Arends A, Ramirez R, Vuillier F, Charron D, Lotteau V, Scott-Algara D (1992) Evidence for a viral superantigen in humans. Nature 358:507–508
Liu DY, Tesh RB, Travassos Da Rosa AP, Peters CJ, Yang Z, Guzman H, Xiao SY (2003) Phylogenetic relationship among members of the genus Phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae) based on partial M segment sequence analysis. J Gen Virol 84(Pt 2):465–473
Mavrakis M, Iseni F, Mazza C, Schoehn G, Ebel C, Gentzel M, Franz T, Ruigrok RWH (2003) Isolation and characterization of the rabies virus N°-P complex produced in insect cells. Virology 305:406–414
Meslin FX, Kaplan MM, Koprowski H (1996) Laboratory techniques in rabies. World Health Organization, Geneva
Murphy FA, Gibbs EPJ, Horzinek MJ, Studdert MJ (1999) Veterinary. Academic Press, San Diego
Perrin P, Joffret ML, Leclerc C, Oth D, Sureau P, Thibodeau L (1988) Interleukin 2 increases protection against experimental rabies. Immunobiology 177:199–209
Rico G, Arellano J, Kretschmer RR (1998) The monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor produced by Entamoeba histolytica does not inhibit the locomotion of human eosinophils. Parasitol Res 84:522–523
Roitt IM (1991) Essential immunology. Blackwell, London
WHO (1995) The world health report 1995—bridging the gaps. World Health Forum 16:377–385
WHO/PAHO/UNESCO (1997) Report of the consultation of experts on amoebiasis, México City
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) (2004) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
Acknowledgements
In memoriam: our chief and professor Dr. Roberto Kretschmer Schmid, dead March 22, 2005. Thanks to Lic. Alfonso Magallón P. for the excellent artwork and Lic. Laura Nava of Vinculación Académica-Coplada de UAM-Xochimilco for her help. This work was supported by grant from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) No. 34214B.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This paper is the result of the thesis work for obtaining Ph.D. degree in Ciencias Biológicas por la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Morales, M.E., Rico, G., Gómez, J.L. et al. Could the homologous sequence of anti-inflammatory pentapeptide (MLIF) produced by Entamoeba histolytica in the N protein of rabies virus affect the inflammatory process?. Parasitol Res 98, 232–236 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-005-0027-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-005-0027-5