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Characterization of Acrobeloides longiuterus (Rashid & Heyns, 1990) Siddiqi, De Ley & Khan, 1992 (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) from South Africa including the SEM study of the species

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Abstract

A population of Acrobeloides longiuterus was recovered during a Potato South Africa Project (PSA) in the Free State Province, South Africa. Subsequently, the soil samples were baited with the larvae of darkling beetles or mealworms (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to recover as many specimens as possible for morphologic and molecular studies. This member of the Cephalobidae represents a new geographical record for the Free State Province of South Africa. Acrobeloides longiuterus is distinguished from other species of the maximus group by having one acute process at the primary axil of each lip, a dextral female genital system, vulva situated towards the left side, and spicules featuring a narrow, elongate manubrium and lamina with small dorsal hump. Description, measurements, illustrations, and phylogenetic position based on 28S rDNA are provided. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that South African A. longiuterus differs from A. camberenensis, and both species are considered valid. Additionally, the results indicate that A. camberenensis, A. longiuterus, A. maximus, and A. saeedi, all with a dextral female genital system, form a clade with 1.00 posterior probability. They can be separated from A. bodenheimeri, a species with a sinistral female genital system.

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Data availability

This material is the authors’ original work, which has not been previously published elsewhere and has no conflict of interest. Three slides of Acrobeloides longiuterus were deposited in the Nematology collection of the Aquaculture Research Unit, University of Limpopo, South Africa. One slide was deposited in the Nematode Collection of the Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology, and Ecology of the University of Jaén (Spain). Five slides were deposited in the National Collection of Nematodes, Biosystematics, Agricultural Research Council, Plant Health and Protection, Pretoria, South Africa.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the financial support received for the Research Support Plans “PAIUJA 2019/2020: EI_RNM02_2019” and “POAIUJA 2021/2022: EI_RNM02_2021” of the University of Jaén, Spain. SEM pictures were obtained with the assistance of technical staff (Amparo Martínez-Morales) and equipment of “Centro de Instrumentación Científico-Técnica (CICT)” from the University of Jaén. Thanks are also due to Potato South Africa (PSA) for the sampling in the Eastern Free State potato production area in South Africa through the research project, “The succession of nematodes in a Free State potato rotation”. Furthermore, the authors acknowledge Dr. Amini (University of Limpopo; Aquaculture Research Unit) for the statistical analysis.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the University of Jaén (Spain) for the SEM photographs. Potato SA also supports the project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Production, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa

    E. Shokoohi

  2. Nematology Unit, Biosystematics, Agricultural Research Council-Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa

    A. Swart & M. Marais

  3. Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa

    A. Swart

  4. Aquaculture Research Unit, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa

    N. A. G. Moyo

  5. Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal Y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus “Las Lagunillas” s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain

    J. Abolafia

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Contributions

AS and MM collected the samples. ES, AS, and JA identified the species, and analysed the data, wrote and revised the manuscript. JA taken LM and SEM of the species. ES conducted the statistical analysis, and ES and NM revised the statistical analysis. All authors revised the manuscript and contributed to the final draft of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to E. Shokoohi.

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Shokoohi, E., Swart, A., Marais, M. et al. Characterization of Acrobeloides longiuterus (Rashid & Heyns, 1990) Siddiqi, De Ley & Khan, 1992 (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) from South Africa including the SEM study of the species. Zoomorphology 142, 13–25 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-022-00583-3

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