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Effects of the CALM intervention on resilience in Chinese patients with early breast cancer: a randomized trial

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Abstract

Objective

Resilience is an important regulating factor for anxiety and depression in breast cancer. The Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) intervention has been confirmed to improve anxiety and depression in patients, but the role of resilience is still unclear. This study explores this issue.

Methods

In this study, a cohort of 124 patients diagnosed with breast cancer was recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention group (IG) or the control group (CG). In addition, we enrolled a group of cancer-free women (regular control group) and assessed their resilience. All patients were evaluated using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-B) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) at different time points. The primary outcomes were resilience, quality of life, anxiety, depression, and perceived stress. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the scores of the IG and CG groups. The relationship between resilience and quality of life was analyzed using Pearson's correlation test. The paired-sample t-test was used to compare the changes in each score at different time points.

Results

The intervention group showed significant differences in resilience, adamancy, optimism, tenacity, anxiety, depression, perceived stress and QOL scores before and after 6, 12, and 24 weeks (F = 17.411, F = 226.55, F = 29.096, F = 50.67, F = 82.662, F = 105.39, F = 62.66, F = 72.43, F = 34.561, respectively; P < 0.001). Compared to the control group, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvement in resilience and quality of life (t = -11.517, p < 0.001; t = − 4.929, p < 0.001), as well as a significant reduction in anxiety, depression, and perceived stress scores (t = 5.891, p < 0.001; t = 2.654, p < 0.001; t = 4.932, p < 0.001). In the intervention group, a significant positive correlation was observed between resilience in breast cancer survivors and quality of life (QOL) scores. (before CALM treatment: r = 0.3204, P = 0.0111; after 6 weeks: r = 0.3619, P = 0.0038; after 12 weeks: r = 0.3355, P = 0.0077; after 24 weeks: r = 0.2801, P = 0.0274).

Conclusions

A positive impact of the CALM intervention can be seen in improved resilience and reduced anxiety and depression, supporting its use as an effective psychological management tool and intervention strategy in the early stages of long-term breast cancer recovery.

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Data availability

The datasets analyzed and generated in this study are not publicly available due to confidentiality agreements. However, interested parties may request access to the data from the corresponding author, subject to reasonable conditions.

Abbreviations

CALM:

Managing cancer and living meaningfully

IG:

Intervention group

CG:

Control group

BCS:

Breast cancer survivor

NCG:

Normal control group

VR:

Virtual reality

ER:

Estrogen receptor

PR:

Progesterone receptor

QOL:

Quality of life

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Postgraduate Innovation Research and Practice Program of Anhui Medical University (No. YJS20230086).

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Author notes

  1. Shaochun Liu, Runze Huang and Anlong Li have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China

    Shaochun Liu, Runze Huang, Anlong Li, Sheng Yu, Senbang Yao, Jian Xu, Lingxue Tang, Wen Li, Chen Gan & Huaidong Cheng

  2. Shenzhen Clinical Medical School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

    Huaidong Cheng

  3. Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

    Huaidong Cheng

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  1. Shaochun Liu
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Contributions

Shaochun Liu, Runze Huang, and Anlong Li contributed equally to this work and shared the first authorship. They were involved in the study's conceptualization, data collection, analysis, interpretation, and manuscript preparation. Sheng Yu, Senbang Yao, Jian Xu, Lingxue Tang, and Wen Li participated in the data collection, research, and interpretation. They also contributed to the critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. Chen Gan provided valuable guidance throughout the study, including the study design, interpretation of results, and necessary manuscript modifications. The corresponding author, Huaidong Cheng, supervised the entire research process, ensured the integrity of the work, and was the primary contact for correspondence related to the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Huaidong Cheng.

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Liu, S., Huang, R., Li, A. et al. Effects of the CALM intervention on resilience in Chinese patients with early breast cancer: a randomized trial. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 149, 18005–18021 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-023-05498-0

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