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Discrimination of blood metabolomics profiles in neonates with idiopathic polyhydramnios

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Abstract

This study aimed to compare the blood metabolic status of neonates with idiopathic polyhydramnios (IPH) and those with normal amniotic fluid, and to explore the relationship between IPH and fetal health. Blood metabolites of 32 patients with IPH and 32 normal controls admitted to the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2017 and December 2022 were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and metabolite enrichment analyses were performed to identify the differential metabolites and metabolic pathways. There was a significant difference in the blood metabolism between newborns with IPH and those with normal amniotic fluid. Six discriminant metabolites were identified: glutamate, serine, asparagine, aspartic acid, homocysteine, and phenylalanine. Differential metabolites were mainly enriched in two pathways: aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism.

Conclusions: This study is the first to investigate metabolomic profiles in newborns with IPH and examine the correlation between IPH and fetal health. Differential metabolites and pathways may affect amino acid synthesis and the nervous system. Continuous attention to the development of the nervous system in children with IPH is necessary.

What is Known:

• There is an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes with IPH, such as perinatal death, neonatal asphyxia, neonatal intensive care admission, cesarean section rates, and postpartum hemorrhage.

• Children with a history of IPH have a higher proportion of defects than the general population, particularly central nervous system problems, neuromuscular disorders, and other malformations.

What is New:

• In neonates with IPH, six differential metabolites were identified with significant differences and good AUC values using LC-MS/MS analysis: glutamic acid, serine, asparagine, aspartic acid, homocysteine, and phenylalanine, which were mainly enriched in two metabolic pathways: aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism.

• These differential metabolites and pathways may affect amino acid synthesis and development of the nervous system in neonates with IPH.

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Availability of data and materials

All the data are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

IPH:

idiopathic polyhydramnios

LC-MS/MS:

liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

OPLS-DA:

Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis

AFI:

amniotic fluid index

SDP:

single deepest pocket

VIP:

variable importance in projection

TCA:

tricarboxylic acid

HIE:

hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the children and their families.

Funding

This work was supported by Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Projects (2020A1414010111).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Qiuping Yang and Jie Song contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China

    Qiuping Yang, Zhirong Deng, Sitao Li, Hu Hao & Yao Cai

  2. Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510530, Guangzhou, China

    Qiuping Yang, Zhirong Deng, Sitao Li, Hu Hao & Yao Cai

  3. Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 519000, Zhuhai, China

    Jie Song

  4. Laboratory of Inborn Metabolism Errors, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China

    Congcong Shi & Hu Hao

  5. Department of Neonatology, The Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Huadu, 510800, Guangzhou, China

    Guiying Zhuang

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  1. Qiuping Yang
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Contributions

QY and JS drafted the manuscript and analyzed the data. ZD created the illustrations. CS and SL helped interpreted the data. GZ review and editing the manuscript. HH and YC design the study, reviewed and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Guiying Zhuang, Hu Hao or Yao Cai.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (approval code 2021ZSLYEC-047) and was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, as revised in 2000. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents of all participants.

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Informed consent was obtained from all patients’ parents.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Communicated by Daniele De Luca

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Yang, Q., Song, J., Deng, Z. et al. Discrimination of blood metabolomics profiles in neonates with idiopathic polyhydramnios. Eur J Pediatr 182, 5015–5024 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-023-05171-1

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