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Why choose paediatrics? A scoping review of factors affecting the choice of paediatrics as a career

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Abstract

Despite being a popular speciality at the undergraduate level, paediatrics lags behind most other medical and surgical specialities for postgraduate recruitment. As many individuals decide on their future career choice while still in medical school, it is essential to identify the factors that attract individuals to a career in paediatrics. To determine the positive influencing factors determining paediatrics as a career choice. A scoping review of primary research articles was conducted using a comprehensive electronic search strategy and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews recommendations. Studies exploring medical students, junior doctors, and current paediatricians’ perceptions of paediatrics were included. Factors affecting career choice were identified. Thirty-six studies out of a possible 3106 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Six key influencing themes were identified. These were early undergraduate and clinical exposure to paediatrics; an attractive work-life balance; the presence of role models and mentors; an enjoyable working atmosphere and varied clinical work; a personal commitment to paediatrics; and working with children.

Conclusion: Medical students are drawn by the wide clinical variety in paediatrics, enjoyable working atmosphere, and enthusiastic colleagues. Given the importance of early clinical exposure in determining student motivation, paediatrics needs to do more to advertise the wide variety of clinical and research work available, starting early in medical school. In addition, medical students need to be offered more opportunities to experience the speciality through student selected components, summer schools, or workshops, requiring coordination between medical schools and regional paediatric departments.

What is Known:

• Research suggests that many medical students make choices on their future career based on medical school experiences.

• Paediatrics is a popular subject among medical students, however applications for the specialilty are in decline.

What is New:

• Six key factors influencing paediatrics as a career choice have been identified, the most common being early exposure to paediatrics at medical school and lifestyle factors.

• Interventions aimed at increasing student involvement in paediatrics at the undergraduate level have been shown to be associated with an increase in the number of individuals applying for the speciality following graduation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St Michael’s Hospital, Southwell Street, Bristol, BS2 8EG, UK

    Mia Kahvo

  2. Library & Knowledge Services, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK

    Rhys Whelan

  3. Department of Paediatrics, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK

    Pramodh Vallabhaneni

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  1. Mia Kahvo
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  3. Pramodh Vallabhaneni
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The conception and design of the study were carried out by M.K. and P.V. The literature search was performed by R.W. Design of the data collection instrument, selection and analysis of papers, and draft of the initial manuscript were performed by M.K. M.K. and P.V. contributed to the discussion and edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mia Kahvo.

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Kahvo, M., Whelan, R. & Vallabhaneni, P. Why choose paediatrics? A scoping review of factors affecting the choice of paediatrics as a career. Eur J Pediatr 182, 9–23 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-022-04659-6

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