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A cross-sectional study of the impact of school neighbourhood on children obesity and body composition

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Abstract

Schools’ neighbourhoods provide an important environmental context that may influence the risk of obesity among children. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of neighbourhood surrounding schools on obesity and body composition in schoolchildren. Data on 845 children aged 7 to 12 years old from 20 primary schools were considered. Anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis were performed to assess body mass index (BMI) and characterize body composition. Land use characteristics were quantified within a 500-m buffer zone around schools. Mixed-effect models measured the effects of school neighbourhood on obesity and body composition. The results showed a tendency between green urban areas around schools and lower values of BMI and better body composition parameters compared with built areas, being BMI z-scores CDC, and body fat percentage significantly higher in-built than in green urban areas (β = 0.48, 95% CI 0.05; 0.90, and β = 2.56, 95% CI 0.39; 4.73, respectively).

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the school neighbourhood has an effect on BMI and body fat percentage in schoolchildren. These results may contribute to the creation of healthier cities and help reduce health expenses by focusing on prevention programmes towards the expansion of green spaces.

What is Known:

• Living in greener areas has been associated with healthy weight outcomes and to the lower impact of obesogenic urban environments.

• The school environment may be especially important for youth health outcomes.

What is New:

• Neighbourhoods around schools may affect child health, specifically the development of obesity.

• The presence of urban green areas around school may promote a framework of lifestyle or behaviours conducive to achieving a healthy weight.

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Acknowledgements

Authors gratefully acknowledge the Project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000010 – Health, Comfort and Energy in the Built Environment (HEBE), cofinanced by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (NORTE2020), through Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) and by EXALAR 21 project financed by FEDER/FNR and by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (EXALAR 21 02/SAICT/2017 - Project no 30193). The major findings of this work have been presented at the 26th European Congress on Obesity, 2019 (Obesity facts (PP3.01).

Funding

Project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000010 – Health, Comfort and Energy in the Built Environment (HEBE) cofinanced by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (NORTE2020), through Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) and by EXALAR 21 project financed by FEDER/FNR and by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (EXALAR 21 02/SAICT/2017 - Project no 30193). The funders had no role in the study design, the collection, analysis, interpretation of data and the writing of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal

    Inês Paciência, João Cavaleiro Rufo, Francisca Mendes, Mariana Farraia, Diana Silva, Luís Delgado & André Moreira

  2. EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Inês Paciência, João Cavaleiro Rufo, Francisca Mendes, Mariana Farraia, Patrícia Padrão, Pedro Moreira & André Moreira

  3. Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Pedro Cunha, Patrícia Padrão, Pedro Moreira & André Moreira

  4. Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal

    Diana Silva, Luís Delgado & André Moreira

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  1. Inês Paciência
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Contributions

IP was involved on study conceptualization and interpretation, contributed to the statistical analysis and wrote, reviewed and revised the manuscript with input from all authors. JCR participated in data collection, database construction, contributed to the interpretation of the results and reviewed and revised the manuscript. FM contributed to the data collection, namely in the physical and clinical assessment, helped in the interpretation of data and reviewed and revised the manuscript. MF was involved in data collection regarding to 24-h dietary recall and participated in the review of the manuscript. PC was involved in the anthropometric assessment and helped in the revision of the manuscript. DS participated in database construction, interpretation of the results and reviewed and revised the manuscript. LD contributed to the interpretation of the results and reviewed and revised the manuscript. PP assisted with the analysis of the data, interpretation of the results and reviewed and revised the manuscript. PM helped interpret results and reviewed and revised the manuscript. AM was involved on study conceptualization and design, helped draft the initial manuscript and to interpret the results and critically reviewed and revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

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Correspondence to Inês Paciência.

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The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.

Ethical approval

The University Health Ethics Committee approved the study and written informed consent was obtained from the children’s legal guardians. All research was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Communicated by Gregorio Paolo Milani

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Paciência, I., Cavaleiro Rufo, J., Mendes, F. et al. A cross-sectional study of the impact of school neighbourhood on children obesity and body composition. Eur J Pediatr 180, 535–545 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-020-03798-y

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