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The utility of bioimpedance analysis for monitoring the children with nutcracker syndrome

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Abstract

We aimed to evaluate anthropometric and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) indices of children with nutcracker syndrome (NCS). Eighteen patients and 20 age-gender matched controls were enrolled. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference (MAC), waist circumference (WC), waist/hip ratio measurements, and BIA results were assessed. Laboratory parameters and Doppler sonographic findings were recorded. The weight, BMI, MAC, WC, body fat z scores, and waist/hip ratio were significantly lower in patients than in controls (p < 0.05). Serum creatinine (Scr), albumin, HDL cholesterol, and urine protein (Up) were significantly increased in NCS patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, body fat z score was independently related to Up and the degree of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) angle (beta = −0.965, p = 0.018 and beta = 0.841, p = 0.04, respectively).

Conclusion: NCS might be considered in slim proteinuric patients with unproven etiology. Serial anthropometric measurements and BIA analysis would estimate the severity of entrapment in LRV. Long-term follow-up of Scr might be required in NCS.

What is known:

• Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is very rare and characterized by the compression of LRV between aorta and SMA.

What is new:

• Patients with NCS have a slimmer body feature with lower anthropometric and BIA indices.

• Fat percentage indicates the degree of LRV entrapment and amount of proteinuria in NCS.

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Abbreviations

BIA:

Bioempedance analysis

BMI:

Body mass index

BP:

Blood pressure

CT:

Computed tomography

LRV:

Left renal vein

MAC:

Mid-arm circumference

NCS:

Nutcracker syndrome

Scr:

Serum creatinine

SDS:

Standard deviation score

SMA:

Superior mesenteric artery

TG:

Triglyceride

Ucr:

Urine creatinine

Up:

Urine protein

US:

Ultrasound

WC:

Waist circumference

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Acknowledgments

We thank Zuleyha Çelik for her gentle assistance to recording the data of study participants.

Conflict of interest

The authors state that they have no conflict of interest.

Author’s contribution

All authors were involved in clinical monitoring of the patients and contributed to analysis and writing of the data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, 34303, Istanbul, Turkey

    Sevgi Yavuz & Aysel Kıyak

  2. Department of Radiology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ali Er & Orhan Korkmaz

Authors
  1. Sevgi Yavuz
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  2. Aysel Kıyak
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  3. Ali Er
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  4. Orhan Korkmaz
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Correspondence to Sevgi Yavuz.

Additional information

Communicated by Jaan Toelen

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Yavuz, S., Kıyak, A., Er, A. et al. The utility of bioimpedance analysis for monitoring the children with nutcracker syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 174, 1393–1397 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-015-2535-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-015-2535-3

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