Abstract
The occurrence of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in HIV-infected patients is extremely rare with only adult patients reported so far. Our patient was a 7-year-old male who presented with fever and cough since 1 month with six episodes of intermittent hemoptysis. The child also had recurrent parotid swellings, melena, and purulent otitis media. Investigations revealed anemia (hemoglobin of 8.9 g/dl), thrombocytopenia (platelet count of 21,000 cells per microliter), and positive HIV antibody (perinatal transmission). The patient's bone marrow aspiration and biopsy suggested AML, and the leukemia panel 1 study showed CD13, CD33, CD34, and HLA DR-positive AML with CD7 expression. The child was given supportive treatment but succumbed to the disease. AML can occur in pediatric patients with HIV infection. A high index of suspicion of hematological malignancies should be kept in mind for patients presenting with cytopenias. This is the first HIV-infected pediatric patient (<12 years) with AML reported in the medical literature.
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Acknowledgment
The authors thank Dr. Ravi Rananavare, Dean, T.N. Medical College and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai for granting permission to publish this manuscript.
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There is no conflict of interests. This is a case report, and the research has not been sponsored by any organization.
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Dr. Milind S. Tullu conceived the manuscript, helped collecting patient data, conducted literature search, and drafted the manuscript. Dr. Nitin B. Date collected patient data and helped in literature search and drafting the manuscript. Dr. Radha G. Ghildiyal supervised data collection, helped in conducting literature search, and revised the manuscript. Dr. Charusmita J. Modi red the pathology slides, helped in literature search, and revised the manuscript. Dr. Milind S. Tullu will act as guarantor for the paper.
This case was presented as a short oral presentation at the “HIV Congress 2008” held in Mumbai in March 2008, and a similar abstract has been published in the proceedings of “HIV Congress 2008.”
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Tullu, M.S., Date, N.B., Ghildiyal, R.G. et al. Acute myelogenous leukemia in a child with HIV infection. Eur J Pediatr 169, 629–631 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-009-1083-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-009-1083-0