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Detection of DENV-2 and ZIKV coinfection in southeastern Brazil by serum and urine testing

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Abstract

Purpose

Aedes aegypti mosquito-borne diseases have a significant impact on public health in Brazil. In this study, we investigated the presence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) in serum and urine samples from symptomatic participants who attended an Emergency Care Unit located in a city in the northwestern region of São Paulo between February 2018 and April 2019.

Methods

Serum and urine samples were collected from participants suspected of having arbovirus infection. After the extraction of viral RNA, viral detection was performed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) (One-Step RT-qPCR).

Results

A total of 305 participants participated in this study. A total of 283 blood and 270 urine samples were collected. Of 305 patients, 36.4% (111/305) were positive for ZIKV, 43.3% (132/305) for DENV2, and 0.3% (1/305) for DENV1. Coinfection with ZIKV/DENV2 was observed in 13.1% of participants. If only serum samples were used, ZIKV detection would have decreased to 23.3% (71/305). Of all the participants included in the study, only one was suspected of having ZIKV infection based on clinical diagnosis, and the remaining participants were suspected of having DENV.

Conclusion

By testing serum and urine samples, we increased the detection of both viruses and detected considerable levels of ZIKV and DENV-2 coinfection when compared to other studies. Additionally, we detected an unnoticed ZIKV outbreak in the city. These findings highlight the importance of the molecular diagnosis of arboviruses to aid public health surveillance and management strategies.

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Data availability

The data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and in its supplementary materials.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the city of Mirassol and the director and staff of the Emergency Care Unit of Mirassol for allowing us to conduct the study. We also thank all participants who contributed to this study. This study was financed by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001 and Grant number 2046/2016; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)—Grant number 440723/2016-7 and São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)—Grant Number 2014/22198-0.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Pâmela Jóyce Previdelli da Conceição and Lucas Rodrigues de Carvalho share first authorship.

  2. Cintia Bittar and Paula Rahal share last authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, São Paulo State University—UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

    Pâmela Jóyce Previdelli da Conceição, Lucas Rodrigues de Carvalho, Marília Freitas Calmon, Cintia Bittar & Paula Rahal

  2. Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School of São José do Rio Preto—FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

    Bianca Lara Venâncio de Godoy

  3. Department of Dermatological, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical School of São José do Rio Preto—FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

    Mauricio Lacerda Nogueira & Ana Carolina Bernardes Terzian

  4. Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of São José do Rio Preto—FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

    Moacir Fernandes de Godoy

  5. Laboratory of Molecular Immunology—The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA

    Cintia Bittar

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  1. Pâmela Jóyce Previdelli da Conceição
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cintia Bittar.

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Ethical approval

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of São Paulo University State—UNESP (CAAE: 66489617.4.0000.5466).

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Edited by Matthias J. Reddehase .

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da Conceição, P.J.P., de Carvalho, L.R., de Godoy, B.L.V. et al. Detection of DENV-2 and ZIKV coinfection in southeastern Brazil by serum and urine testing. Med Microbiol Immunol 212, 193–201 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-023-00762-z

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