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Pore-forming bacterial toxins and antimicrobial peptides as modulators of ADAM function

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Abstract

Membrane-perturbating proteins and peptides are widespread agents in biology. Pore-forming bacterial toxins represent major virulence factors of pathogenic microorganisms. Membrane-damaging peptides constitute important antimicrobial effectors of innate immunity. Membrane perturbation can incur multiple responses in mammalian cells. The present discussion will focus on the interplay between membrane-damaging agents and the function of cell-bound metalloproteinases of the ADAM family. These transmembrane enzymes have emerged as the major proteinase family that mediate the proteolytic release of membrane-associated proteins, a process designated as “shedding”. They liberate a large spectrum of functionally active molecules including inflammatory cytokines, growth factor receptors and cell adhesion molecules, thereby regulating such vital cellular functions as cell–cell adhesion, cell proliferation and cell migration. ADAM activation may constitute part of the cellular recovery machinery on the one hand, but likely also promotes inflammatory processes on the other. The mechanisms underlying ADAM activation and the functional consequences thereof are currently the subject of intensive research. Attention here is drawn to the possible involvement of purinergic receptors and ceramide generation in the context of ADAM activation following membrane perturbation by membrane-active agents.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Sonderforschungsbereich 490 (S.B.), CRC877 (K.R.) and the Cluster of Excellence “Inflammation at Interfaces” (K.R.).

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  1. Department of Dermatology, Christian-Albrecht University Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany

    Karina Reiss

  2. Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Gutenberg-University Mainz, Hochhaus am Augustusplatz, 55131, Mainz, Germany

    Sucharit Bhakdi

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  1. Karina Reiss
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Correspondence to Karina Reiss.

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This article is published as part of the Special Issue on Invasion and Persistence of Infectious Agents.

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Reiss, K., Bhakdi, S. Pore-forming bacterial toxins and antimicrobial peptides as modulators of ADAM function. Med Microbiol Immunol 201, 419–426 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-012-0260-3

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