Abstract
Disentangling functional difference between cortical folding patterns of gyri and sulci provides novel insights into the relationship between brain structure and function. Previous studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) have revealed that sulcal signals exhibit stronger high-frequency but weaker low-frequency components compared to gyral ones, suggesting that gyri may serve as functional integration centers while sulci are segregated local processing units. In this study, we utilize naturalistic paradigm fMRI (nfMRI) to explore the functional difference between gyri and sulci as it has proven to record stronger functional integrations compared to rsfMRI. We adopt a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify gyral and sulcal fMRI signals in the whole brain (the global model) and within functional brain networks (the local models). The frequency-specific difference between gyri and sulci is then inferred from the power spectral density (PSD) profiles of the learned filters in the CNN model. Our experimental results show that nfMRI shows higher gyral–sulcal PSD contrast effect sizes in the global model compared to rsfMRI. In the local models, the effect sizes are either increased or decreased depending on frequency bands and functional complexity of the FBNs. This study highlights the advantages of nfMRI in depicting the functional difference between gyri and sulci, and provides novel insights into unraveling the relationship between brain structure and function.
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Data availability
The fMRI dataset (https://db.humanconnectome.org/) used in this study is an internationally approved public dataset.
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Funding
This work was partly supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2020AAA0105701), National Science Foundation of China (62076205, 61936007 and 62276050).
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Conceptualization: LW, YY, XH, SZ, and XJ; methodology: LW, YY, and XH; Software: YY, XH; data analysis: LW, YY, XH, SZ, and XJ; writing—original draft: LW, YY, and XH; writing review and editing: LW, YY, XH, SZ, XJ, LG, JH, and TL; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Wang, L., Yang, Y., Hu, X. et al. Frequency-specific functional difference between gyri and sulci in naturalistic paradigm fMRI. Brain Struct Funct 229, 431–442 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-023-02746-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-023-02746-4