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Epigenetic modifications and obsessive–compulsive disorder: what do we know?

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Abstract

Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic, severe disabling neuropsychiatric disorder whose pathophysiology is not yet well defined. Generally, the symptom onset occurs during pre-adult life and affects subjects in different life aspects, including professional and social relationships. Although robust evidence indicates the presence of genetic factors in the etiopathology of OCD, the entirely mechanisms are not totally clarified. Thus, the possible interactions between genes and environmental risk factors mediated by epigenetic mechanisms should be sought. Therefore, we provide a review of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms related to OCD with a deep focus on the regulation of critical genes of the central nervous system seeking possible potential biomarkers.

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Abbreviations

5hmC:

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine

5mC:

5-Methylcytosine

ADHD:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

ASD:

Autism spectrum disorder

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

CNS:

Central nervous system

CREB:

Camp-response element-binding protein

ESR1:

Estrogen receptor 1

E-WAS:

Epigenome-wide association studies

GABA:

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

G-WAS:

Genome-wide association study

HAMA:

Hamilton anxiety rating scale

HAMD:

Hamilton depression rating scale

LEPR:

Leptin receptor gene

Limk1:

Lim domain kinase 1

LTP:

Long-term potentiation

MAOA:

Monoamine oxidase A

miRNAs:

MicroRNAs

MOG:

Oligodendrocyte glycoprotein

NMDA:

N-Methyl-d-aspartate

NTRK3:

Neurotrophin-3 receptor gene

OCD:

Obsessive–compulsive disorder

OXTR:

Oxytocin receptor gene

RT-qPCR:

Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

SIRT1:

Sirtuin

Y-BOCS:

Yale-Brown obsessive–compulsive scale

YY1:

Yin Yang 1

MDD:

Major depressive disorder

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Amir Hossein Mohammadi, Hamed Mirzaei & Alireza Milajerdi

  2. Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Amir Hossein Mohammadi

  3. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

    Mohammad Karimian

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  1. Amir Hossein Mohammadi
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Mohammadi, A.H., Karimian, M., Mirzaei, H. et al. Epigenetic modifications and obsessive–compulsive disorder: what do we know?. Brain Struct Funct 228, 1295–1305 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-023-02649-4

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