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How processing emotion affects language control in bilinguals

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Abstract

Research has shown that several variables affect language control among bilingual speakers but the effect of affective processing remains unexplored. Chinese–English bilinguals participated in a novel prime-target language switching experiment in which they first judged the affective valence (i.e., positive or negative) of auditorily presented words and then named pictures with neutral emotional valence in either the same (non-switch trial) or different language (switch trial). Brain activity was monitored using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The behavioral performance showed that the typical switch cost (i.e., the calculated difference between switch and non-switch trials) emerged after processing positive words but not after negative words. Brain imaging demonstrated that processing negative words immediately before non-switch picturing naming trials (but not for switch trials) increased activation in brain areas associated with domain-general cognitive control. The opposite patterns were found after processing positive words. These findings suggest that an (emotional) negative priming effect is induced by spontaneous exposure to negative words and that these priming effects may be triggered by reactive emotional processing and that they may interact with higher level cognitive functions.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed in this study are available in the OSF repository: Liu, H. (2022, October 10). How emotion affects language control. Retrieved from osf.io/rp3at.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by grants from Youth Foundation of Social Science and Humanity, China Ministry of Education (21YJC190009), National Social Science Fund of China (21AYY014), Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang, Youth Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (LJKQZ2021089), the Dalian Science, Technology Star Fund of China (2020RQ055), Liaoning Social Science Planning Fund of China (L20AYY001), Research Project on Economic and Social Development of Liaoning Province (2023lslqnkt-054), and Liaoning Educational Science Planning Project (JG21DB306). We have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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  1. Huanhuan Liu and Wenxin Liu these authors contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China

    Huanhuan Liu & Wenxin Liu

  2. Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China

    Huanhuan Liu & Wenxin Liu

  3. Language Acquisition, Cognition, and Multilingualism Laboratory/Bilingualism Matters@Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada

    John W. Schwieter

  4. School of Linguistic Sciences and Arts, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 210019, China

    Yan Jing Wu

  5. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Language Ability, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 210019, China

    Yan Jing Wu

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  1. Huanhuan Liu
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  2. Wenxin Liu
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  3. John W. Schwieter
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  4. Yan Jing Wu
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Contributions

HL, WL, and YW conceived and designed the study, led data interpretation, and prepared the manuscript. HL and WL led data management, data preprocessing, and execution of data analysis workflows. YW also contributed to the data analytic approach. HL, WL, JWS, and YW contributed to interpretation of the results and final manuscript preparation.

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Correspondence to Yan Jing Wu.

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Liu, H., Liu, W., Schwieter, J.W. et al. How processing emotion affects language control in bilinguals. Brain Struct Funct 228, 635–649 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-022-02608-5

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