Abstract
Brain development follows a protracted developmental timeline with foundational processes of neurodevelopment occurring from the third trimester of gestation into the first decade of life. Defining structural maturational patterns of early brain development is a critical step in detecting divergent developmental trajectories associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders that arise later in life. While considerable advancements have already been made in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) for pediatric research over the past three decades, the field of neurodevelopment is still in its infancy with remarkable scientific and clinical potential. This comprehensive review evaluates the application, findings, and limitations of advanced dMRI methods beyond diffusion tensor imaging, including diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) and composite hindered and restricted model of diffusion (CHARMED) to quantify the rapid and dynamic changes supporting the underlying microstructural architectural foundations of the brain in early life.
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The research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institutes of Mental Health R00 MH11059 (D.C.D). Infrastructure support was also provided, in part, by core grant P50HD105353 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (Waisman Center). M.D. was also supported in part by NIH/NINDS T32 NS105602. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
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MD conceptualized the review, reviewed literature, supervised team, drafted manuscript, revised and approved the final version. PGR and AG assisted with reviewing literature and creating table, and reviewed and approved the final versions. DCD conceptualized the review, drafted sections of manuscript, supervised team, and revised and approved the final version.
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DiPiero, M., Rodrigues, P.G., Gromala, A. et al. Applications of advanced diffusion MRI in early brain development: a comprehensive review. Brain Struct Funct 228, 367–392 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-022-02605-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-022-02605-8