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Untangling the dorsal diencephalic conduction system: a review of structure and function of the stria medullaris, habenula and fasciculus retroflexus

Brain Structure and Function volume 225, pages 1437–1458 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

The often-overlooked dorsal diencephalic conduction system (DDCS) is a highly conserved pathway linking the basal forebrain and the monoaminergic brainstem. It consists of three key structures; the stria medullaris, the habenula and the fasciculus retroflexus. The first component of the DDCS, the stria medullaris, is a discrete bilateral tract composed of fibers from the basal forebrain that terminate in the triangular eminence of the stalk of the pineal gland, known as the habenula. The habenula acts as a relay hub where incoming signals from the stria medullaris are processed and subsequently relayed to the midbrain and hindbrain monoaminergic nuclei through the fasciculus retroflexus. As a result of its wide-ranging connections, the DDCS has recently been implicated in a wide range of behaviors related to reward processing, aversion and motivation. As such, an understanding of the structure and connections of the DDCS may help illuminate the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, addiction and pain. This is the first review of all three components of the DDCS, the stria medullaris, the habenula and the fasciculus retroflexus, with particular focus on their anatomy, function and development.

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland

    Elena Roman, Joshua Weininger, Basil Lim, Marin Roman, Erik O’Hanlon, Veronica O’Keane & Darren Roddy

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Education and Research Centre , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland

    Elena Roman & Erik O’Hanlon

  3. Department of Game Design, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland

    Basil Lim

  4. Anatomy Department, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland

    Denis Barry & Paul Tierney

  5. Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland

    Kirk Levins

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  1. Elena Roman
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Roman, E., Weininger, J., Lim, B. et al. Untangling the dorsal diencephalic conduction system: a review of structure and function of the stria medullaris, habenula and fasciculus retroflexus. Brain Struct Funct 225, 1437–1458 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02069-8

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Keywords

  • Dorsal diencephalic conduction system
  • Stria medullaris
  • Habenula
  • Fasciculus retroflexus