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A review of the mechanisms by which attentional feedback shapes visual selectivity

Brain Structure and Function volume 220, pages 1237–1250 (2015)Cite this article

Abstract

The glut of information available for the brain to process at any given moment necessitates an efficient attentional system that can ‘pick and choose’ what information receives prioritized processing. A growing body of work, spanning numerous methodologies and species, reveals that one powerful way in which attending to an item separates the wheat from the chaff is by altering a basic response property in the brain: neuronal selectivity. Selectivity is a cornerstone response property, largely dictating our ability to represent and interact with the environment. Although it is likely that selectivity is altered throughout many brain areas, here we focus on how directing attention to an item affects selectivity in the visual system, where this response property is generally more well characterized. First, we review the neural architecture supporting selectivity, and then discuss the various changes that could occur in selectivity for an attended item. In a survey of the literature, spanning neurophysiology, neuroimaging and psychophysics, we reveal that there is general convergence regarding the manner with which selectivity is shaped by attentional feedback. In a nutshell, the literature suggests that the type of changes in selectivity that manifest appears to depend on the type of attention being deployed: whereas directing spatial attention towards an item only alters spatial selectivity, directing feature-based attention can alter the selectivity of attended features.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Randolph Blake, Brian Wandell, Vincent Ferrera and Frank Tong for generous support and advice, and Hiromasa Takemura, Jocelyn Sy, and Rosemary Le for comments on early drafts of the manuscript. This work was supported by EU FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG Grant 256456 to Janneke Jehee, by training grants awarded by The Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America, Columbia University, the National Institute of Mental Health (T32-MH05174) and National Eye Institute (T32-EY1393309) to Franco Pestilli, and by a research grant awarded by the National Science Foundation (BCS1228397) to Brian Wandell.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

    Sam Ling

  2. Center for Computational Neuroscience and Neural Technology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

    Sam Ling

  3. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Sam Ling & Janneke F. M. Jehee

  4. Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Franco Pestilli

  5. RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 315-0198, Japan

    Franco Pestilli

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  1. Sam Ling
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Correspondence to Sam Ling.

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Ling, S., Jehee, J.F.M. & Pestilli, F. A review of the mechanisms by which attentional feedback shapes visual selectivity. Brain Struct Funct 220, 1237–1250 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0818-5

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Keywords

  • Neuroimaging
  • Attention
  • Psychophysics
  • Visual system
  • Electrophysiology
  • Orientation
  • Motion