Abstract
Ossification of the presumptive trabecular bone in the mandibular condyle and the presumptive cortical bone in the mandibular corpus of the pig mandible was investigated during development, using micro-computed tomography (microCT). Three-dimensional architecture and mineralization characteristics were assessed from ten pigs of different developmental ages. In the condyle, increases in trabecular thickness and separation and a decrease in the trabecular number, led to an unchanged bone volume fraction. A conversion from rod-like into plate-like trabeculae was observed. Bone volume and trabecular thickness were always higher in the corpus, where an increase in bone volume fraction was caused by an increase in the trabecular thickness and a decrease in separation. A transition from a plate-like structure into a more compact structure took place. The average degree of mineralization in the condyle and the corpus increased with age. In the corpus, the degrees of mineralization were higher than in the condyle. The differences between the condyle and corpus and the changes with age could be explained by differences in the distribution of mineralization within the trabecular elements. Generally, the degrees of mineralization increased from the surface toward the centers of the trabecular elements, indicating growth of the trabecular elements by the surface apposition of new mineral.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Boivin G, Meunier PJ (2002) Changes in bone remodeling rate influence the degree of mineralization of bone. Connect Tissue Res 43:535–537
Burger EH, Klein-Nulend J, Veldhuijzen JP (1991) Modulation of osteogenesis in fetal bone rudiments by mechanical stress in vitro. J Biomech 24:101–109
Cadet ER, Gafni RI, McCarthy EF, McCray DR, Bacher JD, Barnes KM, Baron J (2003) Mechanisms responsible for longitudinal growth of the cortex: coalescence of trabecular bone into cortical bone. J Bone Joint Surg 85:1739–1748
Cooper C, Javaid MK, Taylor P, Walker-Bone K, Dennison E, Arden N (2002) The fetal origins of osteoporotic fracture. Calcif Tissue Int 70:391–394
Cooper DML, Matyas JR, Katzenberg MA, Hallgrimsson B (2004) Comparison of microcomputed tomographic and microradiographic measurements of cortical bone porosity. Calcif Tissue Int 74:437–447
De Vries JIP, Visser GHA, Prechtl HFR (1985) The emergence of fetal behaviour. II. Quantitative aspects. Early Hum Dev 12:99–120
Ding M (2000) Age variations in the properties of human tibial trabecular bone and cartilage. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 292:1–45
Evans HE, Sack WO (1973) Prenatal development of domestic and laboratory mammals: Growth curves, external features and selected references. Anat Histol Embryol 2:11–45
Ferguson C, Alpern E, Miclau T, Helms JA (1999) Does adult fracture repair recapitulate embryonic skeletal formation? Mech Dev 87:57–66
Follet H, Boivin G, Rumelhart C, Meunier PJ (2004) The degree of mineralization is a determinant of bone strength: a study on human calcanei. Bone 34:783–789
Giesen EBW, van Eijden TMGJ (2000) The three-dimensional cancellous bone architecture of the human mandibular condyle. J Dent Res 79:957–963
Goret-Nicaise M (1981) Influence des insertions des muscles masticateurs sur la structure mandibulaire du nouveau-né. Bull Assoc Anat 65:287–296
Goret-Nicaise M, Dhem A (1984) The mandibular body of the human fetus. Histologic analysis of the basilar part. Anat Embryol 169:231–236
Hildebrand T, Rüegsegger P (1997) Quantification of bone microarchitecture with the structure model index. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 1:15–23
Hodges PC (1953) Ossification in the fetal pig. A radiographic study. Anat Rec 116:315–326
Javaid MK, Cooper C (2002) Prenatal and childhood influences on osteoporosis. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 16:349–367
Lee SK, Kim YS, Oh HS, Yang KH, Kim EC, Chi JG (2001) Prenatal development of the human mandible. Anat Rec 263:314–325
Leeson TS, Leeson CR (1970) Histology, 2nd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA
Meneghini C, Dalconi MC, Nuzzo S, Mobilio S, Wenk RH (2003) Rietveld refinement on X-ray diffraction patterns of bioapatite in human fetal bones. Biophys J 84:2021–2029
Meunier PJ, Boivin G (1997) Bone mineral density reflects bone mass but also the degree of mineralization of bone: therapeutic implications. Bone 21:373–377
Mulder L, Koolstra JH, van Eijden TMGJ (2004) Accuracy of microCT in the quantitative determination of the degree and distribution of mineralization in developing bone. Acta Radiol 45:769–777
Mulder L, Koolstra JH, Weijs WA, van Eijden TMGJ (2005) Architecture and mineralization of developing trabecular bone in the pig mandibular condyle. Anat Rec 285:659–667
Müller R, van Campenhout H, van Damme B, van der Perre G, Dequeker J, Hildebrand T, Rüegsegger P (1998) Morphometric analysis of human bone biopsies: a quantitative structural comparison of histological sections and micro-computed tomography. Bone 23:59–66
Nafei A, Kabel J, Odgaard A, Linde F, Hvid I (2000) Properties of growing trabecular ovine bone. Part II:architectural and mechanical properties. J Bone Joint Surg Br 82:921–927
Nuzzo S, Peyrin F, Cloetens P, Baruchel J, Boivin G (2002) Quantification of the degree of mineralization of bone in three dimensions using synchrotron radiation microtomography. Med Phys 29:2672–2681
Nuzzo S, Meneghini C, Braillon P, Bouvier R, Mobilio S, Peyrin F (2003) Microarchitectural and physical changes during fetal growth in human vertebral bone. J Bone Miner Res 18:760–768
Radlanski RJ, Renz H, Klarkowski MC (2003) Prenatal development of the human mandible. 3D reconstructions, morphometry and bone remodeling pattern, sizes 12–117 mm CRL. Anat Embryol 207:221–232
Rüegsegger P, Koller B, Müller R (1996) A microtomographic system for the nondestructive evaluation of bone architecture. Calcif Tissue Int 58:24–29
Tanck E, Homminga J, van Lenthe GH, Huiskes R (2001) Increase in bone volume fraction precedes architectural adaptation in growing bone. Bone 28:650–654
Tanck E, Hannink G, Ruimerman R, Buma P, Burger EH, Huiskes R (2004) Cortical bone development under the growth plate is regulated by mechanical load transfer. Proceedings of ESB 2004, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
Teng S, Herring SW (1995) A stereological study of the trabecular architecture in the mandibular condyle of the pig. Arch Oral Biol 40:299–310
Van Eijden TMGJ (2000) Biomechanics of the mandible. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11:123–136
Van Ruijven LJ, Giesen EBW, van Eijden TMGJ (2002) Mechanical significance of the trabecular microstructure of the human mandibular condyle. J Dent Res 81:706–710
Wachter NJ, Augat P, Krischak GD, Mentzel M, Kinzl L, Claes L (2001) Prediction of cortical bone porosity in vitro by microcomputed tomography. Calcif Tissue Int 68:38–42
Wissmer A (1927) Le développement et l’organisation statique le la mandibule foetale chez l’homme. Arch Anat 7:335–425
Acknowledgements
Appreciation goes out to Henk van Dijk from the Division of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Department Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands, for providing the specimens and to Geerling Langenbach for critically reading the manuscript. This research was institutionally supported by the Inter-University Research School of Dentistry, through the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mulder, L., Koolstra, J.H., de Jonge, H.W. et al. Architecture and mineralization of developing cortical and trabecular bone of the mandible. Anat Embryol 211, 71–78 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-005-0054-0
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-005-0054-0