Chronic glandular bronchitis in young individuals residing in a metropolitan area

Abstract

 A study of 161 Los Angeles County residents aged 12–28 years old who had died sudden violent deaths showed frequent and severe chronic glandular bronchitis (CGB), that is to say grade ≥5 (0–10) chronic inflammation involving at least one, half or more, and all submucosal glands in 53.4%, 21%, and 4.4% of the main stem bronchi, respectively. The mean plasma cell/gland/bronchus was high (≥5) for 22 subjects (13.7%), while only 2 bronchi (1.2%) had a correspondingly high lymphocyte mean (P<0.001). Of the bronchi, 75.2% were affected by glandular atrophy (≥5 in 8.1%), 10.6% had neutrophil infiltration of glands, and 3.1% had acute sialadenitis. Of the total of 1040 glands, CGB was found in 83.8% (≥5 in 26.5%). Of 25 non-smokers identified, 14 (56%) had some degree of CGB in ≥50% of the glands, severe in 7 (26%). Severe CGB in many young individuals raises concern that a subpopulation of living cohorts may have an increased susceptibility to disease and a rising incidence of chronic lung disease. Demographic analysis is pending, but respiratory infection, smoking, adverse socioeconomic factors, and air pollution are all potential causative factors. Since pollution in Los Angeles frequently exceeds air quality standards, an ongoing multicity study is attempting to distinguish between the suspected effects of air pollution and confounding variables.