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What is the significance of CD34 immunostaining in the extraglomerular and intraglomerular mesangium?

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Abstract

CD34, traditionally a marker of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), was found on endothelial cells and fibroblasts as well. At the level of the extraglomerular or intraglomerular mesangium, CD34 may signal either the presence of HSCs or, conversely, may be a marker of transdifferentiation. CD34-positive cells of the extraglomerular mesangium could migrate into the intraglomerular mesangium and participate in reparative processes at this level. The aim of our study was to analyze the presence of CD34 at the level of the extraglomerular and intraglomerular mesangium and its relationship with histological markers of activity and chronicity, as well as with other immunohistochemical markers in glomerulonephritis (GN). A cross-sectional study of 36 patients with GN was conducted. Conventional stains: hematoxylin–eosin, periodic acid Schiff, and Trichrome Gömöri, as well as immunohistochemistry: CD34, alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA), vimentin, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were employed. Activity and chronicity of GN were evaluated according to a scoring system initially used for lupus nephritis and antineutrophil-cytoplasmic-antibody-associated vasculitis. Immunohistochemistry was assessed using a semiquantitative score. The mean age was 46.44 ± 12.97 years; 22 were male and14 were female. The extraglomerular mesangium was visible on specimens in 30 patients. CD34 was present in the extraglomerular mesangium in 15 patients: 11 of these patients showed concomitant intraglomerular and extraglomerular mesangial CD34 immunostaining, while four showed only extraglomerular mesangial immunostaining. In three patients, CD34 immunostaining was present only in the intraglomerular mesangium. Twelve patients showed negative immunostaining in both the extraglomerular and the intraglomerular mesangium. Overall, there was a fair degree of relationship, which did not reach statistical significance between CD34 in the extraglomerular mesangium and CD34 in the intraglomerular mesangium across the 36 patients. In the intraglomerular mesangium, CD34 did not significantly correlate with mesangial alpha SMA, vimentin, PCNA, and activity or chronicity index. In the extraglomerular mesangium, CD34 did not show a significant correlation with alpha SMA, vimentin, or PCNA. The activity index and the chronicity index showed a good correlation with serum creatinine. Mesangial cell proliferation correlated well with the mesangial matrix increase, while interstitial vimentin showed a good correlation with interstitial alpha SMA. We demonstrated the presence of CD34 in the extraglomerular mesangium, which could be related to transdifferentiated mesangial cells or to HSCs in the absence of blood vessels at this level. Our study shows the value of histological indices for evaluating GN but cannot assign significance to CD34 immunolabeling for the assessment of GN.

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Acknowledgements

Preliminary data from this study were presented in a poster session at the Congress of the European Society of Nephrology, European Dialysis, and Transplant Association, July, 2006, Glasgow, UK.

Conflict of interest statement

We declare that we have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Nephrology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “V. Babes”, Timisoara, Romania

    Cristina Gluhovschi, Gheorghe Gluhovschi, Ligia Petrica, Silvia Velciov, Gheorghe Bozdog & Flaviu Bob

  2. Division of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “V. Babes”, Timisoara, Romania

    Elena Potencz & Diana Herman

  3. Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “V. Babes”, Timisoara, Romania

    Corina Vernic

  4. Immunology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria

    Daniel Cioca

  5. Calea Aradului No. 8 Ap.16, 300088, Timisoara, Romania

    Cristina Gluhovschi

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  1. Cristina Gluhovschi
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  2. Gheorghe Gluhovschi
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Correspondence to Cristina Gluhovschi.

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Gluhovschi, C., Gluhovschi, G., Potencz, E. et al. What is the significance of CD34 immunostaining in the extraglomerular and intraglomerular mesangium?. Virchows Arch 453, 321–328 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-008-0647-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-008-0647-0

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