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3-D reconstruction and virtual ductoscopy of high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast with casting type calcifications using refraction-based X-ray CT

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Abstract

Stereomicroscopic observations of thick sections, or three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions from serial sections, have provided insights into histopathology. However, they generally require time-consuming and laborious procedures. Recently, we have developed a new algorithm for refraction-based X-ray computed tomography (CT). The aim of this study is to apply this emerging technology to visualize the 3-D structure of a high-grade ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) of the breast. The high-resolution two-dimensional images of the refraction-based CT were validated by comparing them with the sequential histological sections. Without adding any contrast medium, the new CT showed strong contrast and was able to depict the non-calcified fine structures such as duct walls and intraductal carcinoma itself, both of which were barely visible in a conventional absorption-based CT. 3-D reconstruction and virtual endoscopy revealed that the high-grade DCIS was located within the dichotomatous branches of the ducts. Multiple calcifications occurred in the necrotic core of the continuous DCIS, resulting in linear and branching (casting type) calcifications, a hallmark of high-grade DCIS on mammograms. In conclusion, refraction-based X-ray CT approaches the low-power light microscopic view of the histological sections. It provides high quality slice data for 3-D reconstruction and virtual ductosocpy.

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Acknowledgments

This research project was financially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Exploratory research (No.15654042) and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (No.18206011) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), a Grant-in-Aid for the policy-based medical services network for breast cancer screening pathology from the National Hospital Organization in Japan and the Suzuken Research Fund. The experiment was performed under the approval of the KEK Program Advisory Board under No. 2005G085 for the use of the Photon Factory. The specimen used in this study was with the consent of the patient. We would like to thank Mr. Katsuhito Tamaoki and Mr. Kazuki Matsui for their excellent technical assistance and Dr. Chiho Ohbayashi, Dr. Keisuke Hanioka, and Dr. Yoshiko Sakuma for providing clinical data. We are also grateful to Dr. Mitsuhiro Tozaki, Dr. Suzuko Moritani, Dr. Masaki Hasegawa, and Dr. Shinji Mii for their useful comments regarding this study. None of the authors has any conflict of interest to declare. This work was presented in part at XXXVI International Congress of the International Academy of Pathology in Montreal, Canada, September 16–21, 2006.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Nagoya Medical Center, Sannomaru 4-1-1, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan

    Shu Ichihara

  2. DDS Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2451 Yamasaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan

    Masami Ando

  3. Photon Factory, IMSS, KEK, Oho 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan

    Masami Ando, Anton Maksimenko & Hiroshi Sugiyama

  4. Department of Photo-Science, GUAS, Oho 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan

    Masami Ando, Hiroshi Sugiyama & Eiko Hashimoto

  5. Department of Bio-system Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan

    Tetsuya Yuasa

  6. Genome Informatics Center, Kobe University, Kusunoki-Cho 7-5-2, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan

    Katsuhito Yamasaki

  7. Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan

    Kensaku Mori

  8. Institutes for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, 399-0781, Japan

    Yoshinori Arai

  9. Department of Radiology, Nagoya Medical Center, Sannomaru 4-1-1, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan

    Tokiko Endo

Authors
  1. Shu Ichihara
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  2. Masami Ando
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  3. Anton Maksimenko
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  4. Tetsuya Yuasa
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  5. Hiroshi Sugiyama
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  6. Eiko Hashimoto
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  7. Katsuhito Yamasaki
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  8. Kensaku Mori
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  9. Yoshinori Arai
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  10. Tokiko Endo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shu Ichihara.

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Ichihara, S., Ando, M., Maksimenko, A. et al. 3-D reconstruction and virtual ductoscopy of high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast with casting type calcifications using refraction-based X-ray CT. Virchows Arch 452, 41–47 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-007-0528-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-007-0528-y

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