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Activation of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2) but not AKT predicts poor prognosis in colorectal carcinoma and is associated with k-ras mutations

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Abstract

Signal transduction and modulation represent central mechanisms in cellular processes such as cell-cycle regulation, oncogenesis, and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic relevance of two kinases important in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis in 135 colorectal cancer cases: AKT and extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2). We investigated the relationship of phospho-ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) and phospho-AKT (pAKT) with associated parameters (EGFR, COX-2, cyclin-D1), proliferative activity (Ki-67), and apoptosis (TUNEL) using immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the k-ras gene was screened for mutations to determine its putative association with ERK1/2 activation. Activation of ERK1/2 but not AKT correlated statistically with the presence of k-ras mutations (P = 0.015). Survival analysis of phospho-ERK1/2 immunoexpression showed a significant correlation with decreased overall survival (OS). The multivariate Cox regression analysis identified pERK1/2 as an independent prognostic parameter (P = 0.005). Activation of ERK1/2 in colorectal cancer may indicate aggressive tumor behavior and may constitute an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, our data suggest that mutations of the k-ras oncogene may induce activation of ERK1/2. We propose immunohistochemical determination of pERK1/2 status as a promising candidate for the identification of high-risk patients who would benefit from new anticancer drugs targeting the ERK pathway.

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Acknowledgement

The technical assistance of Dorothe Möllmann, Caroline Stang, and Karin Scholz is gratefully acknowledged. K.J. Schmitz and J. Wohlschlaeger contributed equally to this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany

    K. J. Schmitz, J. Wohlschlaeger, J. Bohr, M. A. Stauder, K. Worm, K. W. Schmid & H. A. Baba

  2. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Klinikum Herford, Herford, Germany

    H. Alakus & G. Winde

  3. West German Cancer Centre Essen (WTZE), Essen, Germany

    K. W. Schmid

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  1. K. J. Schmitz
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  2. J. Wohlschlaeger
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Correspondence to H. A. Baba.

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Schmitz, K.J., Wohlschlaeger, J., Alakus, H. et al. Activation of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2) but not AKT predicts poor prognosis in colorectal carcinoma and is associated with k-ras mutations. Virchows Arch 450, 151–159 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-006-0342-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-006-0342-y

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