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Possible functions of Dpp in gastropod shell formation and shell coiling

Development Genes and Evolution volume 221, Article number: 59 (2011) Cite this article

Abstract

We examined dpp expression patterns in the pulmonate snail Lymnaea stagnalis and analyzed the functions of dpp using the Dpp signal inhibitor dorsomorphin in order to understand developmental mechanisms and evolution of shell formation in gastropods. The dpp gene is expressed in the right half of the circular area around the shell gland at the trochophore stage and at the right-hand side of the mantle at the veliger stage in the dextral snails. Two types of shell malformations were observed when the Dpp signals were inhibited by dorsomorphin. When the embryos were treated with dorsomorphin at the 2-cell and blastula stages before the shell gland is formed, the juvenile shells grew imperfectly and were not mineralized. On the other hand, when treated at the trochophore and veliger stage after the shell gland formation, juvenile shells grew to show a cone-like form rather than a normal coiled form. These results indicated that dpp plays important roles in the formation and coiling of the shell in this gastropod species.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Prof. H Wada, Y Kurita (University of Tsukuba), Prof. K Matsuno, and J Kuroda (Tokyo University of Science) for discussion, suggestions, and help in functional analysis of dpp. We thank Prof. T Kogure, K Ichimura, and N Yoko (The University of Tokyo) for help with compositional analysis. This study was supported by the JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research 15104009.

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Affiliations

  1. Master’s Program in Education, Secondary Education, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, 305-0006, Japan

    Keisuke Shimizu

  2. Department of Earth & Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    Isao Sarashina & Kazuyoshi Endo

  3. Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    Hiroyuki Kagi

Authors
  1. Keisuke Shimizu
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  2. Isao Sarashina
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  3. Hiroyuki Kagi
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  4. Kazuyoshi Endo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kazuyoshi Endo.

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Communicated by D. Weisblat

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Shimizu, K., Sarashina, I., Kagi, H. et al. Possible functions of Dpp in gastropod shell formation and shell coiling. Dev Genes Evol 221, 59 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00427-011-0358-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00427-011-0358-4

Keywords

  • Shell formation
  • Shell coiling
  • Mineralization
  • Dpp
  • Gastropod